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A Level History Russia > Theme 5 - Collapse of the USSR > Flashcards

Theme 5 - Collapse of the USSR Flashcards

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1
Q

Gorbachev Becomes General Secretary of the CPSU?

A

March 1985

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2
Q

27th Party Congress

A

1986

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3
Q

What was announced at the 27th party congress?

A

New Programme for CPSU which introduced “Genuine democracy”
Gorbachev mention Brezhnev era as “stagnation”

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4
Q

When and what was Glasnost?

A

1986
Meaning “openess”. Restrictions removed from media and travel restrictions relaxed.

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5
Q

Crackdown on Alcoholism and Creation of Superministries

A

1985

Designed to streamline the economy

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6
Q

The 12th 5 year plan

A

1886

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7
Q

What was the purpose of the 12th 5 year plan?

A

Continuation of central planning + command economy

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8
Q

Law on Individual Economic Activity
+ what?

A

1986
Allowed families and individuals to make profit from small-scale work

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9
Q

Riots in Kazakhstan
Why?

A

December 1986
Kazahk First Secretary of the CP replaced with a Russian in anti-corruption campaign

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10
Q

Perestroika introduced

A

Jan 1987

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11
Q

What was perestroika?

A

Economic policy meaning “restructuring”.
Joint ventures between state and foreign companies allowed. Attempt to end stagnation

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12
Q

Law on state Enterprises

A

June 1987
Loosened control of the state

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13
Q

Gorbachev trials elections

A

1987
Suggests secret ballots and multiple candidates for local soviets

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14
Q

Boris Yeltsin attacks Gorbachev over slow pace of Reform?

A

Oct 1987

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15
Q

Boris Yeltsin sacked as Moscow Party Leader?

A

Nov 1987

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16
Q

Conservatives attack CPSU for slow pace of reform

A

1988 March

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17
Q

Co-operative enterprises legalised

A

Jan 1988
Allows people to set up small-scale private businesses

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18
Q

“Popular fronts” formed by Baltic Republics

A

April-October 1988

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19
Q

Nagorno-Karabagh problem between Armenia and Azerbaijan

A

Nov 1988

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20
Q

What was the Nagorno-Karabagh problem?

A

Armenian nationalists in Azerbaijan wanted to reunite with Armenia. Requested a redrawing of Borders to include the Nagorno-Karabagh region. Direct control from Moscow was imposed which resulted in mass migration. Both demanded independence from the USSR.

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21
Q

19th Conference of the CPSU

A

June 1988

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22
Q

What events occured at the 19th conference of the CPSU?

A
  • Creation of the Congress of People’s deputies. Elected “Supreme Soviet” to supervise government. 2/3 of deputies elected were multi-candidate (not multi-party)
    1/3 appointed by CPSU
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23
Q

State commission foro Economic Reform through a market-led economy

A

Jul 1989

This split the politburo

24
Q

Elections for the Congress of Peoples Deputies

A

1989 March

25
Q

What group did Boris yeltsin make after winning 89% of the vote in March elections?

A

Intra-Regional Deputies

They stood for reform. Wanted legalisation of private property and autonomy (self govern) of Republics of the Union.

26
Q

What group rivaled the Intra-Regional Deputies?

A

Soyuz group

Conservative members of the party.

27
Q

How many seats did the Communist Party win in the March 1989 elections for the Congress of Peoples Deputies?

A

80%

Many high ranking members were defeated

28
Q

When was Gorbachev elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet by the Congress of Peoples Deputies?

A

May 1989

29
Q

500 Day Programme

A

Oct 1989

30
Q

What was the 500 day programme?

A

Recommended to government for a full transition into a market economy in only 500 days.
Soviet Government reject but Russian Government accept.

31
Q

Severe Price rises in the USSR due to Government Subsidies being cut

A

Apr 1990

32
Q

Mass demonstrations for independence in Baltic States

A

Aug 1989

33
Q

Nationalists campaign for independence throughout the USSR

A

Due to March 1989 elections

34
Q

Demonstrations in Georgia

A

1989 Apri

35
Q

Gorbachev appointed President of the USSR by People’s deputies

A

March 1990

36
Q

Article 6 of the USSR constitution abolished

A

March 1990

Section that said that there could only be 1 political party (CPSU).

37
Q

Elections in the Republics see non-communist victories

A

1990

38
Q

Yelstin elected Chair of Russian Supreme Soviet

A

1990 March

39
Q

Lithuania declares independence.

A

March 1990

Gorbachev refuse and imposes economic sanctions.

40
Q

Yeltsin says Russian Laws are superior to Soviet Laws

A

May 1990

41
Q

Yeltsin resigns from the CPSU

A

June 1990

42
Q

28th Congress of CPSU

A

July 1990

43
Q

Events of 28th Congress of CPSU

A

-Gorbachev talks of creating “civil society” for the USSR.
-Genuine democracy introduced
-free elections
- Multi-party system
- Human rights

44
Q

Private ownership of property and business legalised

A

Jan 1991

45
Q

Trading of stocks and shares legalised

A

1991 Apr

46
Q

Yelstin announced programme of complete marketisation of Russian Economy

A

oct 1991

47
Q

Troops sent to Lithuania. Yeltsin asks Russian soldiers to defy orders from Soviet Government to supress protests

A

Jan 1991.

48
Q

Yeltsin elected president of RUssia

A

June 1991

49
Q

New Union treaty announced. Lets republics vote to stay or leave USSR

A

March 1991

9 republics vote (6 refuse to participate)
Result is 75% FOR new treaty.

50
Q

Georgia declares independence

A

Aprl 1991

51
Q

Novo-Ogarevo Agreement

A

New draft of Union Treaty to allow more freedom in republics.

52
Q

What was the Sinatra doctrine

A

Allowed members of the Warsaw Pact ( sattelite states) to determine own internal affairs.

53
Q

Coup by CPSU against Gorbachev. Fails after 3 days

A

1991 Aug

Yeltsin main resistance to COup as Gorbachev kept prisoner in holiday home in Crimea.

54
Q

Belarus, Moldavia, Ukrain, Azerbaijan and Kirgizstan gain indepence

A

Aug 1991

55
Q

Yeltsin bans the CP in Russia and rejects Gorbachev’s new union treaty.

A

Nov 1991

56
Q

Ukrain votes to leave USSR. Russia, Ukrain and Belarus form CIS

A

Dec 1991

57
Q

Gorbachev resigns as president of USSR

A

25th December 1991

+USSR was dissolved

A Level History Russia (21 decks)

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