Key Dates Flashcards
1
Q
Lenin Leadership
A
1917-26
2
Q
Stalin Leadership
A
1926-1953
3
Q
Khrushchev leadership
A
1953-64
4
Q
Brezhnev leadership
A
1964-82
5
Q
Andropov Leadership
A
1982-84
6
Q
Chernenko leadership
A
1984-85
7
Q
Russian revolution
A
1917
8
Q
Lenin’s Decrees (Land, Workers control, nationalisation of banks)
A
1917
9
Q
Constituent Assembly closed after 1 meeting due to the Bolsheviks losing vote
A
1918
10
Q
Treaty of Brest Litovsk to leave WW1
A
1918
11
Q
Russian Civil War
A
1918-21
12
Q
Tambov peasant Uprisings
A
1920-22
13
Q
Kronstadt sailor mutiny
A
1921
14
Q
Ban on Factions introduced at the 10th party congress
A
1921
15
Q
The Cheka (Secret police) created to seek out counter-revolutionaries led by Feliz Dzerzhinsky
A
1917
16
Q
Secret Police becomes GPU and then OGPU
A
1922
1923
17
Q
Lenin becomes unwell after suffering from strokes
A
1922-1924
18
Q
Decree on Freedom of Conscience introduced to restrict the Russian Orhtodox church’s priviledges
A
1918
19
Q
Red Terror purges kill 50,000 people; including Tsar and family
A
1918-22
20
Q
Stalin becomes General Secretary
A
1922
21
Q
Lenin Dies, The USSR is created
A
1924
22
Q
The Lenin Enrollment takes place to increase party membership. 50,000 new recruits
A
1923-25
23
Q
Leadership Struggle for Lenin’s successor - Stalin outmanouvers his opponents
A
1924-1928
24
Q
1st Five Year Plan = Growth in heavy industry, consumer goods neglected
A
1928 - 1932
25
2nd Five Year Plan = Continued first but with higher focus on military goods
1933-37
26
3rd Five Year Plan (cut short from War) = Geared for military development for war
1938-41
27
The holodomor famine in Ukraine has 3.9 million deaths
1932-1933
28
Great Purged begin
1928
29
Secret Police is renamed the NKVD. Yagoda is appointed its head
1934
30
Yezhov appointed head of the NKVD
1936
31
Beria appointed head of NKVD, Yezhov blamed for mass purges of Yezhovchina
1938
32
Soviet Constitution issued. A seemingly democratic document that is used to gain allies for WW2.
1936
33
Murder of Kirov. Political figure Kirov is assasinated under suspicious circumstances, Zinoviev and Kamanev take the fall
1934
34
Germany Invade the USSR. Grain falls from 94 million to 30 million.
1941
35
4th Five Year Plan = Focus on quick regrowth following WW2
1946- 1950
36
5th Five Year Plan = Focus on regrowth at a slower pace
1951- 1955
37
Volga- Don Canal completed. Presents Stalins cult of personality as his statues lines its banks
1952
38
Creation of the commissariat of Enlightenment = A ministry of culture to support an encourage artists
1917
39
Trial of Sixteen: Show Trial for Kamenev and Zinoviev
1936
40
Trial of Seventeen: Party officials accused for working for Trotsky and purged
1937
41
Trial of Twenty-One: Trial against rightists such as Bukharin and Rykov. Criticised economic policies
1938
42
Red Army purged
1937-1938
43
Mingrelian Affair: Stalin targets the Mingrelian ethnicity (ethnicity of Beria, head of secret police)
1951
44
Doctors Plot: Group of doctors arrested as part of Purge against Jewish people
1953
45
Stalin dies
1953
46
Liberman plan: A plan made to address the issues of underperformance in the USSR.
1962
47
First satellite in space, Sputnik.
1957
48
First Man in Space, Yuri Gagarin
1961
49
Seven Year Plan: focused on fuel, chemicals and consumer goods.
1959-1965
50
Annual growth is 7.1 %
1950s
51
Poor harvest and lack of government support cause a lack of food. End up import from the North America and Australia
1963
52
Virgin Lands Scheme: Tried to plant in a semi-dessert area to enhance production.
1953
53
Kogysin Reforms: Serious reforms by Alexei Kogysin that encouraged creativity within decision-making body to encourage productivity.
1965
54
Recentralised Khrushchev's reforms. 105 Regional economic councils were abandoned
1965
55
9th 5YP: Focuses on consumer goods.
1971-1975
56
Major industrial complexes joined with scientific research to keep technology up to date
1973.
However, many of this new technology was barely used.
57
System for targets centralised to focus on cost and profit
1974
58
80% of families had a TV by this date, 70% had washing machines
By 1980
59
Kogysin sidlined by Brezhnev, meant to be working together
1968
60
Beria is killed, he had gained too much power
1953
61
Khrushchev begins destalinisation
1953
62
Khrushchev's secret speech; privately denounces Stalin's use of terror and cult of personality.
1956
63
Crisis of ____: "Anti-Party" group attempt to remove Khrushchev from power for his policies that make them lose power. K calls for a central committee meeting, which is full of his allies, and is allowed to remain.
1957
64
Khrushchev becomes prime minister
1958
65
Twenty-Second Party Congress: Remove Stalin's body from Lenin's Mausoleum and purge local party secretaries. Introduced tenure length and divide party.
1961
66
Cuban missile crisis: USA force Khrushchev to remove his missiles that he had strategically placed in Cuba. This was an embarrassing blow to Khrushchev
1962
67
Khrushchev removed from leadership - allowed to retire rather than shot. Brezhnev takes over.
1964
68
Third Party Congress: Little discussion other than rename presidium back to politburo. Example of Stagnation.
1966
69
Brezhnev Doctrine: Idea that a country could intervene if socialism was threatened. Such as in Prague Springs
1968
70
Devleops an oligarchy: Positions passed down to children rather than earned. Example of corruption/nepotism
1980
71
Bulldozer Exhibition: Bulldozers sent to an illegal art exhibition. Example of intimidation tactics
1974
72
Cotton Affair: Millions of roubles claimed for non-existent cotton. Official had done this to improve sale statistics
1980s
73
Brezhnev dies
1982
74
Andropov's campaigns: Anti-corruption, Anti-drunkness, Anti-absentiism, Operation Trawl
1982-84
75
Andropov favours Gorbachev, who is a lot younger to take over the party, but instead Chernenko takes over following his death. He is already seriously ill.
1984
76
26% of investments went into agriculture
1976
77
Policy against Veiling of Women on Internatinal Women's day
1927
78
Khrushchev's anti religion campaign: Within 4 years, 10,000 churches closed.
1958
79
Only 25% of the population believed in God
1980s
80
Orthodox priests make the "Christian Committee" to defend human rights. Seen as going to far by Brezhnev
1976
81
League of Militant Godless campaign begins: Atheist, anti religious group
1929
82
Social Realism popular art style: Art that presented idealised images of the revolution. Favoured by Stalin
1930s
83
Proletkult: Art with a poltical purpose.
1920s
84
Secret Police become the KGB>
1954
85
Leon Trotsky killed in Mexico with an Ice Pick. His assassin was awarded the Lenin Award by Stalin.
1940
86
Last person held in Lubyanka Prison, Gary Powers.
1950
87
New Criminal Code releases: Dropped ban on night-time interrogations.
1956
88
Yuri Andropov appointed head of KGB
1967
89
Helsinki Accords: Western accord signed that allowed more open criticism by the other 33 countries. Gave USSR bad reputation
1975
90
Decree bans all non-government newspapers
1917
91
Voice radio is developed. Made it easier to spread messages across the USSR; including propaganda
1921
92
Moscow develops own broadcasting station
1922
93
Red Sport magazine is popular sport magazine
1924
94
Sovetskii Sport replaces Red Sport as primary sport newpaper. Liked for its trustworthy coverage despite political plaacements.
1946
95
Kyshtym Nuclear Waste Explodes: Tank explodes leaving 270,000 exposed to radiation and 200 dead. This news is hidden and eventually took 2 years to fully evacuate the area.
1957
96
Mass production of Televisions
1958
97
Relaxation in control of television: Celebrities appear such as Eduard Khil (Trololo).
1970s
98
Brezhnev opens a 3rd government radio channel.
1964
99
Cultural Revolution: Full scale assault on traditional writers and artists that were previously tolerated under Lenin
1928 - 1932
100
Soviet Constitution: Party could be criticised if inefficient or incompetent
1977
101
Chistka: Purges of the party. Purged 1/3 of the party
1932 - 35
102
Labour Exchange set up supervise the hiring of new workers
1917
103
Soviet authorities redistribute housing
1917
104
Narkomfin buildings begin building
1929
105
Trade unions begin new benefits system
1920s
106
Government announced full employment achieved
1930
107
Unemployment benefits removed
1930 Oct
108
Cheap food available at work canteens
1930s
109
Labour shortages
1932
110
Absenteeism made illegal
1939
111
Moscow Metro built
1935
112
New provisions in place for healthcare
1939-41
New vaccinations against common diseases.
113
Minimum wage introduced
1956
114
Uprising in hungary: Supressed with tanks
1956
115
Expansion of housing
1956-65
116
Reduction of working week hours
1957
117
Khrushchev's social programmes: Increase welfare spending on pensions and healthcare.
1961
118
Unrest in Kiev and an assasination attempt on brezhnev
1969
119
9th 5YP set goal for consumer goods
1971-75
120
Alcoholism and hooliganism common
1970s
121
Passport system implemented
1971
122
Soviet constitution: gives all soviet people the right to employment and raise living standards
1977
123
Medical care homes increased
1978
124
Soviet benefits provisions: Pensions furthered.
1980s
125
Regular wages for farmers introduced
1966
126
Zhenotdel established
1917
127
Family Code first indroduced: pushed for equality, made divorce easier, no longer obey husbands etc.
1918
128
"Postcard" divorce allowed
1926
129
Registered and unregistered marriage given equal status
1927
130
Zhenotdel closes down: Stalin does not support Kollontai's ideas
1930s
131
Great retreat sees a return to traditional ideas
1936
132
Abortion legalised in the USSR again
1955
133
Paid maternity leave increased to 112 days
1956
134
6th 5YP expanded créches and childcare
1956
135
Ekaterina Furtseva becomes first woman in presidium
1957
136
Women are 49% of workforce
1960
137
Valentina Tereshkova becomes first woman in space
1963Fa
138
Family code renewed: Turns to more conservatives views to re-grow population
1968
139
Average family has 2.4 children compared to 2.9 in 1959
1970s
140
Alcoholism develops
1980s
141
Only 32% of population could read and write
1917
142
Narkompros established: Commissariat of education, led by Lunachevsky, provied unified schools for 8 to 17, education made compulsoru
1917
143
Church schools taken over by state
1918
144
Komsomol created
1918Y
145
Young pioneers established for 10-15
1922
146
Liquidating illiteracy campaign
1919-27
147
Rural teaching improves as teachers are deported to countryside
1930
148
Quota system replaces entree fees at university: 70% of places allocated to working class.
1929
149
20 million in compulsory education
1931
150
Basic pattern for schooling established
1934
151
Quota system dropped
1935
152
Stalin's "Great retreat" sees a return to traditional schooling with textbooks and discipline
1936
153
Literacy levels reach 94%
1939
154
Tuition fees established for schools
1940
154
5th 5YP implemented compulsory education for 10 years: although failed, first had idea
1951
154
8 Years of compulsory education established
1958
154
2nd World war destroyed 82,000 schools
1941-45
154
Khrushchev's educational reforms
1958-64
155
More opportunities for adult eduacation
1970s
156
Soviet government turn academic schools to specialist schools
1980s
157
