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A Level History Russia > Key Dates > Flashcards

Key Dates Flashcards

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1
Q

Lenin Leadership

A

1917-26

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2
Q

Stalin Leadership

A

1926-1953

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3
Q

Khrushchev leadership

A

1953-64

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4
Q

Brezhnev leadership

A

1964-82

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5
Q

Andropov Leadership

A

1982-84

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6
Q

Chernenko leadership

A

1984-85

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7
Q

Russian revolution

A

1917

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8
Q

Lenin’s Decrees (Land, Workers control, nationalisation of banks)

A

1917

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9
Q

Constituent Assembly closed after 1 meeting due to the Bolsheviks losing vote

A

1918

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10
Q

Treaty of Brest Litovsk to leave WW1

A

1918

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11
Q

Russian Civil War

A

1918-21

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12
Q

Tambov peasant Uprisings

A

1920-22

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13
Q

Kronstadt sailor mutiny

A

1921

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14
Q

Ban on Factions introduced at the 10th party congress

A

1921

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15
Q

The Cheka (Secret police) created to seek out counter-revolutionaries led by Feliz Dzerzhinsky

A

1917

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16
Q

Secret Police becomes GPU and then OGPU

A

1922
1923

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17
Q

Lenin becomes unwell after suffering from strokes

A

1922-1924

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18
Q

Decree on Freedom of Conscience introduced to restrict the Russian Orhtodox church’s priviledges

A

1918

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19
Q

Red Terror purges kill 50,000 people; including Tsar and family

A

1918-22

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20
Q

Stalin becomes General Secretary

A

1922

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21
Q

Lenin Dies, The USSR is created

A

1924

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22
Q

The Lenin Enrollment takes place to increase party membership. 50,000 new recruits

A

1923-25

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23
Q

Leadership Struggle for Lenin’s successor - Stalin outmanouvers his opponents

A

1924-1928

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24
Q

1st Five Year Plan = Growth in heavy industry, consumer goods neglected

A

1928 - 1932

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25
Q

2nd Five Year Plan = Continued first but with higher focus on military goods

A

1933-37

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26
Q

3rd Five Year Plan (cut short from War) = Geared for military development for war

A

1938-41

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27
Q

The holodomor famine in Ukraine has 3.9 million deaths

A

1932-1933

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28
Q

Great Purged begin

A

1928

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29
Q

Secret Police is renamed the NKVD. Yagoda is appointed its head

A

1934

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30
Q

Yezhov appointed head of the NKVD

A

1936

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31
Q

Beria appointed head of NKVD, Yezhov blamed for mass purges of Yezhovchina

A

1938

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32
Q

Soviet Constitution issued. A seemingly democratic document that is used to gain allies for WW2.

A

1936

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33
Q

Murder of Kirov. Political figure Kirov is assasinated under suspicious circumstances, Zinoviev and Kamanev take the fall

A

1934

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34
Q

Germany Invade the USSR. Grain falls from 94 million to 30 million.

A

1941

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35
Q

4th Five Year Plan = Focus on quick regrowth following WW2

A

1946- 1950

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36
Q

5th Five Year Plan = Focus on regrowth at a slower pace

A

1951- 1955

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37
Q

Volga- Don Canal completed. Presents Stalins cult of personality as his statues lines its banks

A

1952

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38
Q

Creation of the commissariat of Enlightenment = A ministry of culture to support an encourage artists

A

1917

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39
Q

Trial of Sixteen: Show Trial for Kamenev and Zinoviev

A

1936

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40
Q

Trial of Seventeen: Party officials accused for working for Trotsky and purged

A

1937

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41
Q

Trial of Twenty-One: Trial against rightists such as Bukharin and Rykov. Criticised economic policies

A

1938

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42
Q

Red Army purged

A

1937-1938

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43
Q

Mingrelian Affair: Stalin targets the Mingrelian ethnicity (ethnicity of Beria, head of secret police)

A

1951

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44
Q

Doctors Plot: Group of doctors arrested as part of Purge against Jewish people

A

1953

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45
Q

Stalin dies

A

1953

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46
Q

Liberman plan: A plan made to address the issues of underperformance in the USSR.

A

1962

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47
Q

First satellite in space, Sputnik.

A

1957

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48
Q

First Man in Space, Yuri Gagarin

A

1961

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49
Q

Seven Year Plan: focused on fuel, chemicals and consumer goods.

A

1959-1965

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50
Q

Annual growth is 7.1 %

A

1950s

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51
Q

Poor harvest and lack of government support cause a lack of food. End up import from the North America and Australia

A

1963

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52
Q

Virgin Lands Scheme: Tried to plant in a semi-dessert area to enhance production.

A

1953

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53
Q

Kogysin Reforms: Serious reforms by Alexei Kogysin that encouraged creativity within decision-making body to encourage productivity.

A

1965

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54
Q

Recentralised Khrushchev’s reforms. 105 Regional economic councils were abandoned

A

1965

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55
Q

9th 5YP: Focuses on consumer goods.

A

1971-1975

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56
Q

Major industrial complexes joined with scientific research to keep technology up to date

A

1973.

However, many of this new technology was barely used.

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57
Q

System for targets centralised to focus on cost and profit

A

1974

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58
Q

80% of families had a TV by this date, 70% had washing machines

A

By 1980

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59
Q

Kogysin sidlined by Brezhnev, meant to be working together

A

1968

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60
Q

Beria is killed, he had gained too much power

A

1953

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61
Q

Khrushchev begins destalinisation

A

1953

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62
Q

Khrushchev’s secret speech; privately denounces Stalin’s use of terror and cult of personality.

A

1956

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63
Q

Crisis of ____: “Anti-Party” group attempt to remove Khrushchev from power for his policies that make them lose power. K calls for a central committee meeting, which is full of his allies, and is allowed to remain.

A

1957

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64
Q

Khrushchev becomes prime minister

A

1958

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65
Q

Twenty-Second Party Congress: Remove Stalin’s body from Lenin’s Mausoleum and purge local party secretaries. Introduced tenure length and divide party.

A

1961

66
Q

Cuban missile crisis: USA force Khrushchev to remove his missiles that he had strategically placed in Cuba. This was an embarrassing blow to Khrushchev

A

1962

67
Q

Khrushchev removed from leadership - allowed to retire rather than shot. Brezhnev takes over.

A

1964

68
Q

Third Party Congress: Little discussion other than rename presidium back to politburo. Example of Stagnation.

A

1966

69
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine: Idea that a country could intervene if socialism was threatened. Such as in Prague Springs

A

1968

70
Q

Devleops an oligarchy: Positions passed down to children rather than earned. Example of corruption/nepotism

A

1980

71
Q

Bulldozer Exhibition: Bulldozers sent to an illegal art exhibition. Example of intimidation tactics

A

1974

72
Q

Cotton Affair: Millions of roubles claimed for non-existent cotton. Official had done this to improve sale statistics

A

1980s

73
Q

Brezhnev dies

A

1982

74
Q

Andropov’s campaigns: Anti-corruption, Anti-drunkness, Anti-absentiism, Operation Trawl

A

1982-84

75
Q

Andropov favours Gorbachev, who is a lot younger to take over the party, but instead Chernenko takes over following his death. He is already seriously ill.

A

1984

76
Q

26% of investments went into agriculture

A

1976

77
Q

Policy against Veiling of Women on Internatinal Women’s day

A

1927

78
Q

Khrushchev’s anti religion campaign: Within 4 years, 10,000 churches closed.

A

1958

79
Q

Only 25% of the population believed in God

A

1980s

80
Q

Orthodox priests make the “Christian Committee” to defend human rights. Seen as going to far by Brezhnev

A

1976

81
Q

League of Militant Godless campaign begins: Atheist, anti religious group

A

1929

82
Q

Social Realism popular art style: Art that presented idealised images of the revolution. Favoured by Stalin

A

1930s

83
Q

Proletkult: Art with a poltical purpose.

A

1920s

84
Q

Secret Police become the KGB>

A

1954

85
Q

Leon Trotsky killed in Mexico with an Ice Pick. His assassin was awarded the Lenin Award by Stalin.

A

1940

86
Q

Last person held in Lubyanka Prison, Gary Powers.

A

1950

87
Q

New Criminal Code releases: Dropped ban on night-time interrogations.

A

1956

88
Q

Yuri Andropov appointed head of KGB

A

1967

89
Q

Helsinki Accords: Western accord signed that allowed more open criticism by the other 33 countries. Gave USSR bad reputation

A

1975

90
Q

Decree bans all non-government newspapers

A

1917

91
Q

Voice radio is developed. Made it easier to spread messages across the USSR; including propaganda

A

1921

92
Q

Moscow develops own broadcasting station

A

1922

93
Q

Red Sport magazine is popular sport magazine

A

1924

94
Q

Sovetskii Sport replaces Red Sport as primary sport newpaper. Liked for its trustworthy coverage despite political plaacements.

A

1946

95
Q

Kyshtym Nuclear Waste Explodes: Tank explodes leaving 270,000 exposed to radiation and 200 dead. This news is hidden and eventually took 2 years to fully evacuate the area.

A

1957

96
Q

Mass production of Televisions

A

1958

97
Q

Relaxation in control of television: Celebrities appear such as Eduard Khil (Trololo).

A

1970s

98
Q

Brezhnev opens a 3rd government radio channel.

A

1964

99
Q

Cultural Revolution: Full scale assault on traditional writers and artists that were previously tolerated under Lenin

A

1928 - 1932

100
Q

Soviet Constitution: Party could be criticised if inefficient or incompetent

A

1977

101
Q

Chistka: Purges of the party. Purged 1/3 of the party

A

1932 - 35

102
Q

Labour Exchange set up supervise the hiring of new workers

A

1917

103
Q

Soviet authorities redistribute housing

A

1917

104
Q

Narkomfin buildings begin building

A

1929

105
Q

Trade unions begin new benefits system

A

1920s

106
Q

Government announced full employment achieved

A

1930

107
Q

Unemployment benefits removed

A

1930 Oct

108
Q

Cheap food available at work canteens

A

1930s

109
Q

Labour shortages

A

1932

110
Q

Absenteeism made illegal

A

1939

111
Q

Moscow Metro built

A

1935

112
Q

New provisions in place for healthcare

A

1939-41

New vaccinations against common diseases.

113
Q

Minimum wage introduced

A

1956

114
Q

Uprising in hungary: Supressed with tanks

A

1956

115
Q

Expansion of housing

A

1956-65

116
Q

Reduction of working week hours

A

1957

117
Q

Khrushchev’s social programmes: Increase welfare spending on pensions and healthcare.

A

1961

118
Q

Unrest in Kiev and an assasination attempt on brezhnev

A

1969

119
Q

9th 5YP set goal for consumer goods

A

1971-75

120
Q

Alcoholism and hooliganism common

A

1970s

121
Q

Passport system implemented

A

1971

122
Q

Soviet constitution: gives all soviet people the right to employment and raise living standards

A

1977

123
Q

Medical care homes increased

A

1978

124
Q

Soviet benefits provisions: Pensions furthered.

A

1980s

125
Q

Regular wages for farmers introduced

A

1966

126
Q

Zhenotdel established

A

1917

127
Q

Family Code first indroduced: pushed for equality, made divorce easier, no longer obey husbands etc.

A

1918

128
Q

“Postcard” divorce allowed

A

1926

129
Q

Registered and unregistered marriage given equal status

A

1927

130
Q

Zhenotdel closes down: Stalin does not support Kollontai’s ideas

A

1930s

131
Q

Great retreat sees a return to traditional ideas

A

1936

132
Q

Abortion legalised in the USSR again

A

1955

133
Q

Paid maternity leave increased to 112 days

A

1956

134
Q

6th 5YP expanded créches and childcare

A

1956

135
Q

Ekaterina Furtseva becomes first woman in presidium

A

1957

136
Q

Women are 49% of workforce

A

1960

137
Q

Valentina Tereshkova becomes first woman in space

A

1963Fa

138
Q

Family code renewed: Turns to more conservatives views to re-grow population

A

1968

139
Q

Average family has 2.4 children compared to 2.9 in 1959

A

1970s

140
Q

Alcoholism develops

A

1980s

141
Q

Only 32% of population could read and write

A

1917

142
Q

Narkompros established: Commissariat of education, led by Lunachevsky, provied unified schools for 8 to 17, education made compulsoru

A

1917

143
Q

Church schools taken over by state

A

1918

144
Q

Komsomol created

A

1918Y

145
Q

Young pioneers established for 10-15

A

1922

146
Q

Liquidating illiteracy campaign

A

1919-27

147
Q

Rural teaching improves as teachers are deported to countryside

A

1930

148
Q

Quota system replaces entree fees at university: 70% of places allocated to working class.

A

1929

149
Q

20 million in compulsory education

A

1931

150
Q

Basic pattern for schooling established

A

1934

151
Q

Quota system dropped

A

1935

152
Q

Stalin’s “Great retreat” sees a return to traditional schooling with textbooks and discipline

A

1936

153
Q

Literacy levels reach 94%

A

1939

154
Q

Tuition fees established for schools

A

1940

154
Q

5th 5YP implemented compulsory education for 10 years: although failed, first had idea

A

1951

154
Q

8 Years of compulsory education established

A

1958

154
Q

2nd World war destroyed 82,000 schools

A

1941-45

154
Q

Khrushchev’s educational reforms

A

1958-64

155
Q

More opportunities for adult eduacation

A

1970s

156
Q

Soviet government turn academic schools to specialist schools

A

1980s

157
Q
A

A Level History Russia (21 decks)

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