Theme 4B

Question 1

What are the Five conditions of Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 1

1. No mutation
2. No gene flow
3. Large population size
4. No natural selection
5. Random Mating

Question 2

What does the absence of mutation ensure in the context of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 2

It ensures no new alleles arise in the population

Question 3

Why is no gene flow an important condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 3

It prevents the introduction or removal of alleles through migration, maintaining stable allele frequencies.

Question 4

How does population size effect genetic drift according to Hardy-Weinberg principles?

Answer 4

Larger population sizes reduce the impact of random changes in allele frequencies, reducing genetic drift

Question 5

How does no natural selection affect genetic drift according to Weinberg principles ?

Answer 5

no selective pressure on individuals based on genotype.
-equal survival and reproduction probability for all genotypes

Question 5

How does random mating affect genetic drift according to Weinberg principles ?

Answer 5

-mating occurs randomly without genotype preference
-equal chance of all genotypes mating with each other

Question 6

Define evolution in the context of population genetics?

Answer 6

evolution is the change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Question 7

What does p and q represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 7

p represents the frequency of the dominant alelle, and q represents the frequency of the recessive allele

Question 8

State the Hardy Weinberg equation

Answer 8

p²+ 2pq+q²= 1

Question 9

How do we calculate allele frequency?

Answer 9

p+q=1

Question 10

what are Darwins four conditions for evolution by natural selection?

Answer 10

Variation within species, heritability of variation, more offspring produced than can survive, and non-random survival and reproduction

Question 11

describe a null hypothesis in the context of population genetics?

Answer 11

the null hypothesis for evolution states that there is no change in allele frequencies over time

Question 12

what is genetic drift?

Answer 12

genetic drift is the change in allele frequencies due to the random sampling affects, especially in small populations

Question 13

What does it mean if a population is not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 13

it suggests that one or more assumptions of HWE have been violated, indicating potential evolutionary changes

Question 14

what is gene flow and its affect of populations

Answer 14

gene flow is the transfer of alleles between populations, which can alter allele frequencies and reduce differences between populations

Question 15

Why is random mating and important assumption in HWE?

Answer 15

random mating ensures that allele frequencies in gametes combine randomly, maintaining the equilibrium of genotype frequencies.