theme 4

Question 1

deuterostomia

Answer 1

hemichordata, echinodermata, chordata

Question 2

lophotrochozoa

Answer 2

platyhelminthes, rotifera, brachiopoda, mollusca, annelida
either lophophore for feeding or trochophore larval stage

Question 3

ecdysozoa

Answer 3

nematoda, arthropoda

Question 4

poifera

Answer 4

sponges, lack true tissues, suspension feeders, internal fertilization with varied development

Question 5

cnidaria

Answer 5

diploblastic, radial symmetry, may alternate polyp (sessile) or medusa (mobile) form, tentacles with cnidocytes to capture prey
incle: medosozoans, hydrozoans, scyphozoans, cubozoans, anthozoans

Question 6

platyhelminthes

Answer 6

lophotrochozoan
- no cavity, incomplete sigestive, lacking respiratory, flatworms

Question 7

lophophorates

Answer 7

lophotochozoan
- lophopore and coelom, brachiopods (bivalve mollusc-like) and ectoproca (coral, filter deeders)

Question 8

mollusca

Answer 8

lophotrochozoans - throchozoa
- unsegmented soft body often with a shell, gills, radula for feeding,
- incl polyplacophora, gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda

Question 9

annelida

Answer 9

lophotrochozoans - trochozoa
- segmented worms with a hydrastatic skeleton, closed circulatoyry
incl errantia, sedentaria

Question 10

ecdysozoans

Answer 10

nematoda and arthropoda. periodically moulted cuticle that sclerotizes to be the exoskeleton

Question 11

nematoda

Answer 11

roundworms/threadworms
- no sigmentation
- digetive tract and hemocoel

Question 12

arthropoda

Answer 12

segmented pody, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton, cepahlization
trilobita, chelicerata, myriapoda, custacea, hexapoda

Question 13

chielicerata

Answer 13

within arthropoda
-cephalothoraz with 6 pairs appendages (chelicera, pedipalps, uniramous legs legs), posterior abdomen
- incl arachnids

Question 14

myriapoda

Answer 14

arthropoda
- less tagmatization,
- long trunk, tons of uniramous legs legs

Question 15

crustacea

Answer 15

arthropoda
- three tagmata, biramous legs, antennae, lots of thoracic limbs, abdominal limbs multifunctional
- often biomineralized

Question 16

hexapoda

Answer 16

arthropoda
- insects with wings
- head (antennae, mouthparts), thorax (3 pairs legs, wings), abdomen

Question 17

apterygote/pterygote

Answer 17

insects without/with wings

Question 18

echinoderm

Answer 18

radal summetry, ossicled endoskeleton, diffuse nervous system, broadcast sponners, madreporite for water vascular system

Question 19

chordate traits

Answer 19

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, muscular post anal tail

Question 20

invertebrate chordates

Answer 20

cephlachordata (lancelets), urochordata (tunicates)

Question 21

vertenrate traits

Answer 21

vertenral column, elaborate braincase, 2+ hoz gene sets, neural crest eclls, dorsal/anal/tail find with fin rays, complex circulator sustem

Question 22

vertebrates

Answer 22

cyclostomes, gnathostomes, chondrichtyans,

Question 23

cyclostomes

Answer 23

jawless fish, often with reduced vertebrae

Question 24

gnathostomes

Answer 24

opposing jaws, mineralized skeletons (teeth), lateral appendages, 4 sets hox genes, enlarged forebrain (smell/vision), vibrations in water

Question 25

mineralization and jaws

Answer 25

evolved simultanously, harder jaws is better for predation, endoskeeton ossified with calcium

Question 26

chondrichtyans

Answer 26

cartilaginous endoskeleton, bony teeth

Question 27

ostechthyans strains

Answer 27

lungs/lung derivatives, operculum (dermal plate on gills), manerverable fins

Question 28

actinptergii

Answer 28

ray-finned dish, fins supported by rays attatched to bones, all fish now

Question 29

sarcopterygii

Answer 29

lobe-finned, muscular fish, bone structure similar to tetrapods, also coelacnths, lungfish

Question 30

tetrapods

Answer 30

two pairs study, three parted lumbs, digits, evolved for food on land

Question 31

pre-terrestrial tetrapod evolution

Answer 31

vertebral column, ossification, lateral appendages, simple lungs, muscular/bony fins, internal nostrils

Question 32

tetrapod adaptations

Answer 32

four limbs with feet/digits, distinct neck, fused pelvic girdle, absence of wills, ears

Question 33

amphibia

Answer 33

early tetrapods, permable skin, ectothermic, - frogs, salamanders, caecilians

Question 34

amniotes

Answer 34

amniotic egg (amnion, yolk sac, allantois, chorion), internal fertilization via intromittent organ, direct development, thicker skin diaspids (reptiles) synapsids (mammals) based on major openings near eye area

Question 35

non avian reptiles

Answer 35

thick, kertinous scales, leathery eggs, ecctothermic, carbiniferous period, turtles and lepidosaurs (hemipenis)and archosaurs

Question 36

birds

Answer 36

technically avian reptiles (archosaurs) from feathered theropods - wings with feathers, hollow bones, toothless beaks, reduced digestive system, organ reduction, high metabolic rate (endotermy)

Question 37

atricial vs precocial

Answer 37

helpless featherless chicks vs independent (ish) chicks

Question 38

mammals

Answer 38

have hair, produce milk, 3 middle ear bones, endothermic, dentary0squamosal jaw, specialized teeth, larger brain

Question 39

monotremes

Answer 39

egg-laying mammals, no nipples, cloaca

Question 40

marsupials

Answer 40

viviparuous, placenta, born prematurley and finish development in marsupium, cloaca

Question 41

eutherians

Answer 41

complex placenta, no cloaca,

Question 42

primates traites

Answer 42

grasping hands/feet, felxible limbs, forward eyes, large brain

Question 43

human traits

Answer 43

obligate bipedals, large brains, reduced jaw and face, extended childhood

Question 44

bipedalism adaptations

Answer 44

centralized skull, s-shaped spine, short/borad pelvis, leg lengthening, arched foot

Question 45

main elements of animal evolution

Answer 45

multicellularity, truw tissues, gastrulation, triploblasticity (bilateral, complex organs), notochord, vertebrae, skeletal mineralization, jaws, lungs/derivatives, lobed fins, limbs with difits, amniotic egg, milk