Theme 3 Agriculture, nutrition and health

Question 1

What is the potential production of a crop?

Answer 1

The highest possible yield

Question 2

What is the attainable production of a crop?

Answer 2

The yield with limiting factors like water and nutrients

Question 3

What is the actual production of a crop?

Answer 3

The yield with limiting and reducing factors (diseases and weeds)

Question 4

What is the main crop that is produced in SE Asia?

Answer 4

Oil palm in commercial plantations

Question 5

What are the main crops that are produced in Africa?

Answer 5

Oil palm, cocoa and maize (with oxes)

Question 6

What are the main crops that are produced in South America?

Answer 6

Sugarcane, soybean and livestock

Question 7

What is the reason that the green revolution did not increase the production as much in Africa

Answer 7

Because it mainly increased the production of grains and they don’t eat that a lot in Africa. They also did not have the need for more land and they don’t have a very fertile ground or markets.

Question 8

What were the problems with the green revolution in Asia?

Answer 8

Everybody bought the same crop, decreased diversity, people got dependent on large companies and markets.

Question 9

What is the dilution effect in fruits and vegetables?

Answer 9

They have more carbs and less protein due to higher CO2 content

Question 10

What is the rebound effect?

Answer 10

More efficiency in agriculture will lead to cheaper food and therefore more production

Question 11

What is the land-sparing effect?

Answer 11

Low meat diets need less land to produce and the re-growing vegetation can take up carbon

Question 12

In what way does climate change have an impact on the food supply?

Answer 12

Agricultural suitability
Pests, diseases and pollinators
Food quality
Supply chain disruptions

Question 13

Is the power to change things in a food system in the farmers, purchasing companies or the consumers?

Answer 13

The purchasing companies, there are only a few of them.

Question 14

What is the rural food system?

Answer 14

Low diversity, cereal-based, low footprint

Question 15

What is the mixed food system?

Answer 15

Increase in sodium, processed meat, trans fat, increase in dietary diversity, cost increasing, low footprint

Question 16

What is the urban food system?

Answer 16

High sodium and other fat stuff, increased footprint and expensive

Question 17

What is the “future food system”?

Answer 17

Diet quality improves, reduced footprint, include own cultivated food

Question 18

What are three ways to measure hunger?

Answer 18

Estimation with food balance sheets
Look for signs of hunger (anthropometric)
Ask people

Question 19

What effect does urbanization have on the diet?

Answer 19

More processed foods, more variety, take-away

Higher intake of fat, sugar and salt and less physical activity

Question 20

What is the food insecurity experience scale?

Answer 20

Direct interviews on the accessibility of food.

Have you ever been worried about not having enough food or going days without eating?

Question 21

What effect does an increased income have on the diet?

Answer 21

More dairy and meat.

Question 22

What is price volatility?

Answer 22

Higher incomes cause more fluctuation in food prices because the question-demand curve responds less quickly.

Question 23

What is the effect of MNEs on food systems?

Answer 23

Cheaper processed foods (not all processing is bad)
Targeting of children
Enhance food safety
Reduce losses and waste

Not so clear if they are the important drivers in the transformation of food habits

Question 24

What are the main drivers for the transformation of food habits?

Answer 24

Income
Urbanization
Peer groups
And maybe MNEs