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Global Nutrition and Health > Theme 2 Indicators of malnutrition > Flashcards

Theme 2 Indicators of malnutrition Flashcards

1
Q

At which z-scores is a kid (severely) stunted, wasted or overweight?

A

Severely stunted/wasted: -3
Stunted/wasted: -2
Overweight: +1

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2
Q

On what type of kids is the growth reference-data based?

A

6 different countries, wealthy, healthy environment, breastfed children

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3
Q

How do you calculate the z score?

A

z-score= (observed value - median value) / SD

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4
Q

On what type of kids is the NCHS international growth-reference based?

A

Caucasian kids in small area of US, time between measurements too lone.

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5
Q

What difference does to WHO growth standard make compared to the NCHS?

A

Decrease in underweight, increase stunting, wasting and overweight

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6
Q

What is GMP and what is it good for?

A

Growth monitoring promotion, training of health workers and mothers.
Can result in early detection of disease and promotion of health services. Many measurement errors so not good for comparing with other countries.

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7
Q

What is the indicator early initiation of breastfeeding?

A

Proportion of children who were breastfed within one hour of birth. Based on historic recall of the mothers.

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8
Q

What is the indicator exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months?

A

Proportion of infants who are feed exclusively on breastmilk. Recall of the previous day

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9
Q

What is the indicator continued breastfeeding at 1 year?

A

Proportion of children (12-15 months) who received breastmilk during the previous day.

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10
Q

What is the indicator introduction of complementary foods?

A

Proportion of children (6-8 months) who received (semi-)solid or soft foods during the previous day.

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11
Q

What is the indicator minimum dietary diversity?

A

Proportion of children 6-23 months who receive foods from 4 or more food groups

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12
Q

What is the indicator minimum meal frequency?

A

Proportion of children 6-23 months who receive (semi-)solid or soft foods the minimum number of times during previous day.

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13
Q

What is the indicator minimum acceptable diet?

A

Proportion of children 6-23 months who were fed the minimum number of meals as well as food from minimum number of food groups.

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14
Q

What is the indicator consumption of iron rich foods?

A

proportion of children 6-23 months who receive iron rich or fortified food

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15
Q

What is the indicator children ever breastfed?

A

Proportion of children who were ever breastfed

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16
Q

What is the indicator continued breastfeeding at 2 years

A

Proportion of children 20-23 months who received breastmilk during the previous day.

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17
Q

What is the indicator age appropriate breastfeeding?

A

Two parts: infants who are exclusively breastfed AND children who receive breastmilk and complementary foods.

18
Q

What is the indicator predominant breastfeeding under 6 months?

A

Proportion of infants who are predominantly breastfed (can receive fluids or syrups)

19
Q

What is the indicator duration of breastfeeding?

A

Median duration of predominantly breastfeeding of children

20
Q

What is the indicator bottle feeding?

A

Proportion of children 0-23 months who are fed with a bottle

21
Q

What is the indicator milk feeding frequency for non-breastfed children?

A

Proportion of non-breastfed children 6-23 months who receive at least 2 milk feedings.

22
Q

What is the critique on the current indicators for growth?

A

Only medical parameters, not context-sensitive, ignore theories from other disciplines (social growth).

23
Q

What are capabilities in Sen’s capability approach?

A

What are you able to do? (able to love and care)

24
Q

What are functionings in Sen’s capability approach?

A

achievements of capabilities (the child is loved)

25
Q

What is agency in Sen’s capability approach?

A

The ability to pursue a valued goal

26
Q

What are the 4 concepts of diet quality?

A

Adequacy, diversity, moderation and safety

27
Q

What is meant by adequacy of the diet?

A

The quantity, sufficient macro and micro nutrients.

28
Q

What is meant by diversity of the diet?

A

Consumption of variety.

29
Q

What is meant by moderation of the diet?

A

The quality, avoidance and limiting of unhealthy foods

30
Q

What is meant by safety of the diet?

A

Foods free of contamination

31
Q

What is the DRI?

A

Dietary reference intake of the US

32
Q

What is the EAR?

A

The estimated average requirements (US/UK) (middle of the graph)

33
Q

What is the RNI?

A

Recommended nutrient intake (EAR + 2SD)

34
Q

What is a protective nutrient intake?

A

Higher than RNI, but beneficial for something else

35
Q

What is the AI?

A

Adequate intake: not enough data to make EAR -> take the intake of healthy people.

36
Q

What is the EAR cut point method?

A

Count the people who have an intake below the EAR (%)

37
Q

Which nutrient level would you use for comparing populations and which for individuals?

A

Populations: EAR
Individuals: RNI

38
Q

What is the UL?

A

Upper nutrient level; the highest level of daily nutrient intake that will likely have no adverse effect.

39
Q

What is the difference between food waste and food loss?

A

Food waste is done by consumers and food loss is done in production.

40
Q

What are the downsides of the MDD indicator?

A

Minimum dietary diversity; no seasonality and no data on food security

41
Q

What is a life cycle assessment?

A

Life cycle assessment over the entire food chain to examine the environmental impact of foods

42
Q

What is the key foods approach when compiling a food composition database?

A

Take the foods that give 75% of the nutrients

Global Nutrition and Health (5 decks)

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