Theme 1 maternal and child undernutrition Flashcards
What are the immediate causes of maternal and child malnutrition?
Inadequate dietary intake and disease
What are the underlying causes of maternal and child malnutrition?
Household food security
Inadequate care and feeding practices
Unhealthy household environment & inadequate health services
What are the basic causes of maternal and child malnutrition? From top to bottom
Household access to adequate quantity and quality of resources
Inadequate financial, human, physical and social capital
Sociocultural, economic and political context
What are the short term consequences of maternal and child malnutrition?
Mortality, morbidity and disability
What are the long term consequences of maternal and child malnutrition?
Adult height, cognitive ability, economic productivity etc
Which paradigm did they have before 1950?
Vitamin deficiency paradigm
Which paradigm did they have between 1950-1974
Protein deficiency paradigm
Which paradigm did they have between 1974- 1980
Multisectoral nutrition planning paradigm - too much models
Which paradigm did they have between 1980-1990
National nutrition policy paradigm - malnutrition is the result of economic, political and cultural processes. Solution: reduce poverty
Which paradigm did they have between 1985-1995
Community based nutrition paradigm - macro -> micro, Unicef frameork
Which paradigm did they have between 1995-2005
Micronutrient malnutrition paradigm - easier to give micros than to solve poverty
Which paradigm do we have now?
Paradigm crisis - investment in nutrition programmes and human rights approach to nutrition.
What is IUGR, and what increases its risk?
Intra-uterine growth restriction, anaemia, low BMI, smoking, drugs, malaria
What increases the risk of maternal mortality?
Maternal anaemia and short stature.
What happens with the need for iron during pregnancy and lactation?
Goes up during pregnancy and goes down during lactating (even lower than before pregnancy)
What happens with the need for energy, vit A, iodine and zinc during pregnancy and lactation?
Goes up, more and more (only energy decreases minimally when breastfeeding)
How do you define stunting?
Height for age
How do you define wasting?
Weight for height
How do you define underweight?
Weight for age
How do you define overweight?
BMI for age
What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?
Within 1 hour
on demand
No bottles
6 months
Why do you don’t give babies cows milk?
Because of high protein and sodium
What are the benefits of colostrum?
High vit A, zinc and IgA
What are problems with nutrition with toddlers?
Fat and nutrients (iron, vitA vitD and fibre)
What is the malnutrition infection cycle?
Inadequate dietary intake -> weight loss -> disease -> malabsorption -> inadequate dietary intake
What prevents diarrhoea and what is the treatment for it?
Prevention VitA and zinc
Treatment ORS and zinc
Early menarche risks are….?
Obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, CVD, cancer.
Late menarche risks are…?
Osteoporosis, depression and social anxiety
Girls grow taller in HIC and shorter in LMIC
What are the social determinants of health?
Gender inequality
Economic inequality
Population displacement
Advertising
What are the four pillars of food security?
Availability, accessibility, utilization and stability
What is the difference between food security and food and nutrition security?
Food security is more about food production. Food and nutrition security adds
consumed
sanitation and hygiene
health services and care
What is the agricultural value chain?
Supply chain from food to fork of one crop, adds value along the way
What is a food system
Added value chains of multiple crops
What are two ways of measuring food and nutrition security?
DES (dietary energy supply) uses food balance sheets
Household hunger score is experienced-based
What is the positive deviance method?
Look at well-nourished children what they are doing right
What is an example of permanent and temporary food avoidance?
No pork, chocoladeletters
