Theme 3 a 3 - opponents of the liberal society 1951-59 Flashcards
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<p>By the end of the 1960s, what were most peoples attitudes towards sexuality and their lifestyles?</p>
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<p>Conservative</p>
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<p>Some newspaper stories portrayed sexual liberation as having shocking consequences. Give an example of a particular story?</p>
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<ul> <li>The Moors murderers <strong>(Myra Hindley &Ian Brady)-</strong> convicted of killing 3 children, 1966- press focussed on fact they were <strong>2 unmarried & in sexual relationship</strong>.</li></ul>
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<ul> <li>Created relationship between this & violent crime.</li></ul>
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<ul> <li>Fact that relationship status had no bearing on actions- often overlooked by newspaper readers- who were shocked by crimes & alarmed by rapid decline- 'moral standards'.</li></ul>
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<p>What did newspaper articles write about the behaviour of <strong>British teenagers</strong>?</p>
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<p><strong>Sexual behaviour</strong>- linked in tabloid stories to <strong>teenage crime, vandalism and hooliganism</strong>, fuelling moral panic about state of British youth.</p>
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<p>A <strong>conservative reaction</strong> to the perceived decline in moral standards was led by campaigners such as who?</p>
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<ul> <li>Mary Whitehouse.</li> <li>Lord Longford.</li> <li>Malcolm Muggeridge.</li></ul>
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<p><strong>Mary Whitehouse</strong></p>
<ul> <li>What values did she have?</li> <li>What campaign group did she launch and what did she believe?</li> <li>Was it popular?</li> <li>Who was her criticism directed at?</li></ul>
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<ul> <li>Christian values!!</li> <li><strong>'Clean up Tv'</strong>, believed TV= most <strong>corrupting medium</strong> in modern life & was introducing <strong>un-Christian ideas to British Youth.</strong></li> <li>In <strong>1964</strong>- gained<strong> 500,000 signatures.</strong></li> <li><b>BBC</b>-Criticised HughCarleton-Green, Director General.</li></ul>
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<p><strong>Mary Whitehouse</strong></p>
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<p>She not only condemned scenes of a sexual nature on TV but also what else?</p>
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<p>What did she believe that television and consumerism were doing and what did she want to bring the country back to?</p>
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<ul> <li>Images of drinking.</li> <li>Criticism of the royal family.</li> <li>Referances to crime and lawlessness.</li></ul>
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<ul> <li>Belief- <strong>eroding faith in God</strong> in Britain- she wanted to bring country back to<strong>original Christian roots.</strong></li></ul>
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<p><strong>Mary Whitehouse</strong></p>
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<p>What did she launch in 1965?</p>
<p>Who did it attract campaigners from?</p>
<p>What did the group oppose?</p>
<p>What ideas did she dismiss and what did she believe?</p>
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<ul> <li><strong>1965</strong>- launch National Viewers and Listeners Association <strong>(NVALA).</strong></li> <li>General public, senior church of England bishops, chief police officers & MPs.</li> <li>Oppose sex, violence, swearing & associated permissiveness with the creeping socialism of Britain.</li> <li><strong>'Marxist humanist' ideas</strong> & belief- christianity- under threat from socialism, consumerism & television.</li></ul>
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<p><strong>The NVALA</strong></p>
<p>During the 60s and 70s, Whitehouse claimed that the NVALA had attracted how many members?</p>
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<p>What ideas did this show?</p>
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<ul> <li>Over <strong>100,000</strong> members since its formation.</li></ul>
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<ul> <li>Fears about moral decline in Britain = widespread!!</li></ul>
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<p><strong>Mary Whitehouse</strong></p>
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<p>What did the 1977 book, 'Whatever Happened to Sex' say?</p>
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<p>'being gay was like having acne'</p>
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<p><strong>Mary Whitehouse</strong></p>
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<p>What did she do which may have influenced the governments 1981 decision?</p>
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<p>Campaigned against <strong>pornography.</strong></p>
<p>May have influenced govs decision to <strong>force sex shops to have black-out windows.</strong></p>
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<p>What were the NVALA's limitations?</p>
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<ol> <li>Impact= limited</li> <li>May have exaggerated membership from the start.</li> <li>Little evidence media took it seriously.</li> <li>Gained publicity but influence on TV and radio programming = minimal.</li></ol>
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<p>What were some of the successes of the NVALA?</p>
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<p>May have influenced legislation banning child pornography with the Protection of Children Act of 1978 & indecent advertisements with the Indecent Displays Act of 1981.</p>
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<p><strong>The Festival of light</strong></p>
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<p>What was the organisations aims?</p>
<p>Where was it and what year?</p>
<p>Rally was supported by...?</p>
<p>It inspired how many other regional rallies?</p>
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<ul> <li>Prevent the sexualisation of television.</li> <li>Promote christian teachings.</li></ul>
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<ul> <li><strong>Hyde Park- 1971</strong></li> <li>Famour figures like pop star- <strong>Cliff Richard.</strong></li> <li>Inspired over <strong>70</strong> other regional rallies.</li> <li>Attracted crowds of over<strong> 100,000</strong> people.</li></ul>
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<p><strong>Margaret Thatcher</strong></p>
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<p>What was her view upon the permissive society?</p>
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<p>What did she say in the 1970 Finchley Press interview?</p>
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<p>What did she complain about in 1977?</p>
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<ul> <li>Increasingly outspoken about her<strong> disdain</strong> for the <strong>permissive society</strong> & <strong>fears </strong>for <strong>standards of public indecency.</strong></li></ul>
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<ul> <li>1970 Finchley Press interview <em>'I should like to see a reversal of the permissive society'.</em></li></ul>
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<ul> <li>1977- Complained <em>'basic Christian values...are under attack'.</em></li></ul>
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<p><strong>Lord Longford</strong></p>
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<p>What did he fund his own report into and what did he investigate?</p>
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<p>What did he conclude?</p>
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<ul> <li>Report into <strong>pornography</strong> & visited<strong>sex industry,Copenhagen</strong>-investigate the effects of an end to censorship.</li> <li>Concluded in 1972, the <strong>Obscene Publications Act 1959- </strong>made it easy- pornography to be published & called for new censorship against materials that</li></ul>
<p><em>'outrage contemporary standards of decency or humanity accepted by the public at large.'</em></p>
