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Religion > Theme 2 - Section B > Flashcards

Theme 2 - Section B Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Adoptionism?

A

The belief that Jesus was an ordinary man who became the Son of God only at his baptism

Adoptionism suggests a significant moment of transformation in Jesus’ life.

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2
Q

Define Arianism.

A

The belief that Jesus was the highest of all created beings but not of the same substance as God

Arianism challenges the doctrine of the Trinity by denying the full divinity of Jesus.

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3
Q

What does Sabellianism propose?

A

The belief that Jesus was divine but not human

This view emphasizes the divinity of Christ while denying his humanity.

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4
Q

What is the Doctrine of the Trinity?

A

A monotheistic belief where God exists as three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

The Trinity emphasizes unity in diversity within the Godhead.

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5
Q

List the three distinct persons in the Trinity.

A
  • The Father
  • The Son
  • The Holy Spirit

Each person is fully God and they are coexistent, coeternal, and coequal.

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6
Q

How does the Doctrine of the Trinity view God?

A

There is only one God; it does not split God into three parts

This underscores the oneness of God while affirming the distinct persons.

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7
Q

What formal document established the Doctrine of the Trinity?

A

The Nicene Creed

The Nicene Creed was developed to counteract heresies like Adoptionism, Sabellianism, and Arianism.

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8
Q

What does the term ‘Elohim’ signify in the Old Testament?

A

The first Hebrew word for God, a plural noun

Elohim suggests a complex understanding of God in the Hebrew scriptures.

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9
Q

In which verse is Jesus referred to as God?

A

John 1:1 - ‘the word was God’

This verse is fundamental for understanding the divinity of Jesus in Christian theology.

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10
Q

What does Philippians 2:10 indicate about Jesus?

A

‘Though he was in the form of God, did not regard equality with God as something to be exploited’

This highlights Jesus’ humility and his unique relationship with God the Father.

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11
Q

What does John 20:28 reveal about Jesus?

A

‘My Lord and my God’

This proclamation by Thomas acknowledges the divine nature of Jesus.

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12
Q

What is the significance of Matthew 28:18-20?

A

It sends the disciples to baptize in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

This verse underscores the Trinitarian formula in Christian baptism.

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13
Q

What does Deuteronomy 6:4-5 assert about God?

A

God is unequivocally one

This verse is foundational for Jewish monotheism and is echoed in Christian doctrine.

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14
Q

True or False: The Church views the Trinity as a mystery.

A

True

The Church acknowledges that human language cannot fully express the nature of God as Trinity.

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15
Q

What does the Athanasian Creed state about the Trinity?

A

‘We worship one God in the trinity and the Trinity in unity, neither confusing the persons nor dividing the divine being’

This creed emphasizes the unity and distinctness of the persons of the Trinity.

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16
Q

What is described as the central mystery of Christian faith and life?

A

The mystery of the Most Holy Trinity

This reflects the foundational nature of the Trinity in Christian theology.

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17
Q

What does ‘Filioque’ mean in Latin?

A

‘And the Son’

‘Filioque’ refers to the phrase added to the Nicene Creed regarding the procession of the Holy Spirit.

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18
Q

Who was Augustine of Hippo?

A

5th century scholar and bishop, influential in early Western Christianity

Augustine’s thoughts on the Trinity significantly shaped Christian theology.

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19
Q

What was established at the Council of Nicea in 325 CE?

A

Christian belief ‘in the Holy Spirit’

This council was crucial for defining early Christian doctrine.

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20
Q

What did the Council of Constantinople (381 CE) amend in the Nicene Creed?

A

The belief in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life, who proceeds from the Father

This amendment clarified the role of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.

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21
Q

What controversial amendment was made at the Council of Toledo in 589 CE?

A

‘Who proceeds from the Father and the Son’

This addition led to significant theological disputes known as the Filioque Controversy.

22
Q

What was the main issue of the Filioque Controversy?

A

The inclusion of ‘and the Son’ in the Nicene Creed

The controversy highlighted differences between Western and Eastern Christian thought.

23
Q

How long did the Filioque dispute last?

A

Six centuries

While it was a significant issue, it did not directly cause the East-West Schism.

24
Q

When did Pope Benedict VIII first use the term ‘Filioque’?

A

1014 CE

This marked a significant moment in the history of the term’s acceptance in the Roman Church.

25
Q

What event is marked by the year 1054 CE?

A

The Great Schism between the Eastern and Western Churches

This division was fueled by theological disagreements, including the Filioque.

26
Q

What does the Immanent Trinity signify?

A

What God is (three persons, one God)

This concept focuses on the internal nature of God.

27
Q

What does the Economic Trinity signify?

A

What God does (the Father creates; the Son redeems; the Holy Spirit sanctifies)

This concept highlights God’s actions in the world.

28
Q

According to Augustine, how can humans understand the Trinity?

A

Through traces of the Trinity in the human soul

Augustine believed that the bond of love between the Father and Son reflects the nature of the Trinity.

29
Q

What is the Eastern Church’s view on human experience and the Trinity?

A

Humans cannot know the Trinity from human experience

The Eastern Church emphasizes the incomprehensibility of God’s inner being.

30
Q

What does the Eastern Church assert about the structure of God?

A

A Trinity of three equal persons

They reject the idea that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son.

31
Q

According to the Nicene Creed, who alone is the source of divinity?

A

The Father

This reflects the Eastern Church’s position on the roles within the Trinity.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: ‘The Spirit ______ from the Father alone.’

A

proceeds

This statement aligns with the Eastern Church’s understanding of the Trinity.

33
Q

True or False: The Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son according to the Eastern Church.

A

False

The Eastern Church maintains that the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father.

34
Q

What is the Enlightenment?

A

An 18th-century philosophical movement based on reason, tolerance, and liberty.

35
Q

Who is Karl Barth?

A

A Swiss theologian whose work had a deep influence on 20th-century theology.

36
Q

Define objective.

A

Factual; not based on personal belief.

37
Q

Define subjective.

A

Personal belief; not based on facts.

38
Q

What does ‘Seinsweise’ mean?

A

‘Mode of being’; Barth’s term to refer to the three members of the Godhead.

39
Q

What is ‘Logos Asarkos’?

A

Greek for ‘the Word without flesh’; Barth’s term for the Son before he became incarnate.

40
Q

What did Enlightenment theologians find problematic?

A

The Trinity.

41
Q

What was Schleiermacher’s view on the Trinity?

A

He dismissed the Trinity as he could not reconcile it with Enlightenment theology.

42
Q

What are the two movements through which God revealed himself according to Barth?

A
  • In the Son: objective ‘unveiling’ of what God is
  • In the Spirit: subjective reception or imparting.
43
Q

What is the significance of the two men viewing Jesus’ crucifixion?

A

One man does not recognize the unveiling of God, while the other does through the Holy Spirit’s imparting.

44
Q

What does Barth conclude about human response to God’s revelation?

A

Humans are incapable of responding unless recognition is imparted by the Holy Spirit, done through God’s grace.

45
Q

What does grace represent in Barth’s theology?

A

The Holy Spirit received.

46
Q

How is the Immanent Trinity reflected?

A

In the Economic Trinity.

47
Q

What is the heresy of Filioque?

A

The merging of the Immanent and Economic Trinity, rejected by the Eastern Church.

48
Q

What does Jürgen Moltmann associate with Seinsweise?

A

The heresy of Modalism.

49
Q

What does Barth say about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit’s existence?

A

They exist one after the other, never at the same time.

50
Q

What does Barth insist about God’s nature?

A

God is unchanging in the one eternal Trinity; ‘unimpaired unity’ and ‘unimpaired distinction.’

51
Q

Fill in the blank: ‘In the beginning was the ______, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.’

A

[Word]

52
Q

Fill in the blank: ‘The Word became ______ and made his dwelling among us.’

A

[flesh]

Religion (11 decks)

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