Theme 2 Applied Lectures

Question 1

the genetic code is share universally by ALOMST all organisms. what are the exceptions?

Answer 1

• ciliates UAA UAG not stop codons
• plastids and mitochondria have their own DNA
• yeast mitochondria CUA -> a different amino acid

Question 2

how can caner on retinas occur as a transcription error? how is it treated?

Answer 2

retinoblastoma pr- disruption
fails as cycle break -> endless growth leads to retinal cancer

treatment:
chemo

Question 3

list diseases/conditions related to transcription errors

Answer 3

diabetes
Alzheimer’s
parkinsons
aging
cancer

Question 4

how are cancer treatments designed knowing that its a transcription related disease?

Answer 4

drugs inhibit enzymes that unwind DNA to prevent transcription

Question 5

Dr. Juliet Daniel’s research

Answer 5

triple negative breast cancer

KAISO (transcription factor)- regulates gene expression that controls cell growth and cell-cell adhesion. malfunction leads to cancer growth

triple negative tumours lack 3 receptors that can’t be treated with drugs, only chemo