Theme 1 Applied Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

camel survival mechanisms

A

fat, TRISTEARIN

in hump:
- long fatty acid chains = lots of potential energy
- metabolized into ATP via BETA-OXIDATION

WATER LOSS TOLERANCE
- tristearin also a source of water when broken down with O2
- but generally not used because camles are very tolerant to water loss and can condense and store water in nostrils

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2
Q

explain how bar-headed geese can fly so long

A
  • huge energy reserves
  • high altitude and prolonged flight can induce LIPOLYSIS
    ability to metabolize in HYPOXIC environments
  • large lungs
  • high breathing rate
  • more alvioli
  • high O2 affinity in RBC
  • more mitochondria, close to capillaries
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3
Q

beta-oxidation

A

metabolism of fats

can produce A LOT of Acetyl CoA -> LOTS of ATP

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4
Q

locust metabolism

A
  • sugars metabolized first 15 min of flight
  • lipids CONSTANTLY being metabolized
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5
Q

list methods of macromolecule energy metabolsim

A

CARBS -> monosaccharides -> pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA -> Krebs Cycle -> E- transport chain

FATS -> fatty acids -> Acetyl CoA

PROTEINS -> amino acids -> Acetyl CoA + pyruvate

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6
Q

how can we tell if an amino acid is hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

hydrocarbon R structures = PHOBIC
benzene ring = PHOBIC
any AA that can HB = PHILIC

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7
Q

name special amino acids

A

GLYCINE
- small
- hydrophobic, slightly polar

PROLINE
- hydrophobic

CYSTENE
- slightly polar
- 2 CYS can covalent bond with eachother = strong bonds!

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8
Q

describe signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis and why they occur

A

genetic disorder that causes mucus buildup in ducts

cough: mucus in lungs
airway inflammation from cough and bacterial buildup leads to infections and pneumonia
salty sweat: problems with Na+ transport

CAUSES
- CFTR protein dysfunction at cilia membrane
- unable to control movement of Cl- and Na+ -> Na+ influx followed by water
- decreases surface liquid, impedes cilia’s ability to remove mucus

GENETIC CAUSES
- deletion of 1 amino acid @#508
- pr- doesn’t fold properly
- ER holds onto it OR send a dysfunctional pr-

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9
Q

treatments for cystic fibrosis

A
  • bronchoscopy
    • camera down throat, sucks up mucus
  • antibiotics
  • mucus thinning meds + humidifiers
  • steroids to decrease inflammation
  • bronchodialators

drugs - pharmacochaperones

CORRECTORS
- wedges to force CFTR to fold properly
- must be permiable to cell membrane

POTENTIATORS
- @ membrane surface to help fix non-functional CFTR shape

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10
Q

problems with cystic fibrosis pharmacochaperone treatments

A

treatment for rarest types of CF very expensive (IVACAFTOR) while common CF (from AA#508 deletion) more accessible

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