Theme 1: Population and settlement

Question 1

A country with a low rate of population growth (or population decline)

Answer 1

😡 IMMIGRATION 😡
braindrain/emigration to W.EU for better economic system

😡HIGH DEATH RATE 😡
1 of lowest life expectancy in EU
men65 - alcohol related death

😡 ABORTION 😡
BBC :13 terminations/10 births

😡 LOW BIRTH RATE 😡
alcoholism + economic hardship
women discouraged to have child
birth rate :13/1000

FACTS
death rate:14/1000 live births
pop 1992:   149 m
        2012:   143.5 m
density 8.4/km2

http://www.economist.com/node/12627956

Question 2

A country which is under-populated

Answer 2

France’s pro nationalist policies largely based on its policy launched in 197s, some dating form 1939 thr the use of incentives
😁 generous maternal leave, full pay
1 - 16 week
3- 40 weeks
26 months parental leave
😁 subsidised childcare facilities/full day child care
😁 taxes break for families

Question 3

A country which is over-populated

Answer 3

intro :1979 a population planning policy aims to curb Chinese rapidly growing population

POP
1979: 973 mil
2012: 1,343 mil
↣prevented ‘400 mil’

😁 improve living quality
😁 free education for 1
😁 "safetest place to give birth"
😁 rewards for obedient
     →higher wages
     →better schoolings
     →preferential treatment
😁 reduces strains on public service

😡 imbalanced sex ratio- more 55 mill males
→ selective born, neglect,abandonment and infanticide
😡 men cant find partners - 10 mill
→sex trafficking, kidnapping
😡 Little emperor syndrome
😡pressure for 1 child
😡sanctions for disobedient
→fine
→employment terminations
→difficulty in obtaining gov assistance

  ➲ageing pop
  ➲decline in dependancy ratio

Question 4

population growth

Answer 4

natural increases

birth rate > death rate

Question 5

birth rate

Answer 5

no of birth/1000 of population/ year

Question 6

• An international migration

Answer 6

🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧
😁 work ethics of Poles, enormously contributed to econ
😁 willing to take unwanted jobs(low-paid)
→ fill skill gap
😁80% migrant 18-35
→ cope w/ aging population
😁 enriched by cultural diversity

😡  loss jobs for locals
😡  increases pop → pressure on public service
😡  worker bring along dependants
            → child benefits
            → english support services
😡 demand for housing → higher rent
😡high portion of wages return to Poland

  POLAND 😁 payment sent home by emigrants 😁returning emigrants bring skills 😁 decreases pressure of job,resources, public services

😡 smaller workforce → GDP decreases
😡demographic imbalance
😡loss of skillful worker
😡social prob for child growing up without full fam cir

Question 7

Temporary Migration

Answer 7

limited period

few weeks or even several years

Question 8

Commuting

Answer 8

Movement from home to workplace and vice versa

Question 9

Intervening obstacles

Answer 9

Shortage of money
Language barriers
Passport or visa issues
Bad weather
Transport delays
Problems with housing

Question 10

Problems of Ageing population

Answer 10

shortage of workers - economically active
→ less tax payers
- increases in public service, hospitals
- retired people claim pensions off government → $$$

Question 11

• A country with a high rate of natural population growth

* A country with a high dependent population

Answer 11

Kenya, east africa, on equator
40% under 15
population will increase from the current 43 million to over 100 million by 2050
1 high youth employment rate
2 heavy pressure on resources
3 education facilities not met standard for pop
4 agriculture isnt sufficient to feed pop
5 large % support by working class(parent)
👉heavy burden on the workers/ cant have saving
👉 prospect of future demographic dividends for Kenya

( rapid economic growth is achieved through a decline in mortality and fertility rates, leading to dramatic changes in the country’s age structure )

Question 12

• A densely populated country or area

* A sparsely populated country or area

Answer 12

EU
1. core of nation in EU
historical rival in EU
political foundation in EU
trading with eastern EU
2. high provision of service
3. wider range of opprotunities
4. low lying land
5. transport/infrastrucutre

bye Asiaru
- severe weather(40C) / permafrost
     👉prevent argriculture and development
- inhibitable
-food/ water is scare

Question 13

define a site

Answer 13

The actual location or place that a settlement is built.

Question 14

define a situation

Answer 14

The area surrounding the site of a settlement

Question 15

Dispersed, linear, and nucleated settlement patterns

Answer 15

DISPERSED - are individual isolated buildings and do not form a single settlement.

LINEAR - settlement in a line along a river

NUCLEATED - houses around a building

Question 16

describe settlement function *coursework

Answer 16

Function of settlement
urban areas tend to have more function
Retain
Commercial
Farming
Housing
Educational
Healthcare
Administration (local or national government)
Tourism
Entertainment
Sporting

Question 17

describe and distinguish between high/ low order goods

Answer 17

High Order Goods (Comparison):

• less frequently purchase
• more expensive
• people compare quality/ price e.g. a TV, car or holiday.

Low Order Goods (Convenience):

• everyday purchase
• cheap
• people would not normally travel far to buy
  e. g. bread and milk.

Question 18

define sphere of Influence

Answer 18

distance people are willing to travel to access a service

i.e. the area served by a settlement or service.

Question 19

define Threshold Population:

Answer 19

minimum amount of people required for a service to be offered and remain open.

Question 20

define Rural-urban fringe

Answer 20

boundary between the urban area and the rural area

Question 21

• An urban area or areas
• A rapidly growing urban area in a developing country and migration to it
• Settlement and service provision in an area

Answer 21

you can do coursework reminise

Question 22

define Dependency Ratio

Answer 22

The ratio between the amount of dependents and the economically active.