Theme 1 Chapter 3 - Development Flashcards
What is the Brandt line and why is it no longer accurate?
An imaginary line roughly dividing the richer northern countries to the poorer southern countries.
It is no longer accurate as some NICS are starting to emerge such as China and India
What does development mean?
The improvements of a countries economic, social or environment state.
What indicators of development focus on economic factors?
Calorie intake
Energy consumption
GNI (Gross National income)
What indicators of development focus on healthcare factors?
People per doctor
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate
Birthrate
What indicators of development focus on education factors?
Adult literacy
Birthrate
What factors go into the HDI (Human Development Index)?
GNI
Number of schooling years
Life expectancy
Length of Schooling years
Why might some poor parents not send children to school?
- Children stay and help maintain house (like chores)
- To look after siblings
- To work for income
- They cannot afford fees
What benefits occur by educating girls? How does it affect development?
Will be just as many girls than boys in schools… This means girls become more educated nationally:
- > Labor force doubles…GNI increases
- > Educated girls have less children…Lower population…Higher GNI
- Both genders feel empowered…less rebellion
How does a country have globalization?
1) allow telecommunication lines to flow freely
2) Allow foreign MNC’s to set up in country
3) Allow import and export (Trade)
4) Allow spread of new cultures (immigration)
Advantages and disadvantages of globalisation?
ADV
- > Inhabitants can be found living better quality lives
- > MNC’s can train unqualified people
- > Invites tourism into country
DISADV:
- > MNC’s manager roles given to foreigners, not locals
- > Skilled inhabitants leave country
- > Working conditions often poor
- > Flights pollute world
Biggest advantage of globalisation in UK?
Immigration->
1) Many immigrants perform best in sporting events
2) Highly skilled workers have helped to improve infrastructure + technology
What advantages and disadvantages can MNC’s bring to LICS?
ADV:
- provide jobs and training
- Bring in expensive machinery / equipment
- Provide healthcare and education for workers and family
- Increases Country GNI
DISADV:
- Provide mostly low paid jobs for longer hours
- Can pull out of host country anytime
- Pay little regard to country’s environment
Bangladesh has become a NIC mainly due to what industry?
Clothing industry
What economic Advantages + disadvantages has MNC’s brought to countries?
ADV : Host country’s GNI increases
DIS: Many workers not paid accurately - Exploited
What environmental Advantages + disadvantages has MNC’s brought to countries?
ADV: Develops tourism attraction to area
DIS: Might disregard pollution laws
What social Advantages + disadvantages has MNC’s brought to countries?
ADV: Due to GNI increase, healthcare improves, Higher life expectancy
DIS: To make more money companies exploit women and children
What is trade?
The act of exchanging money, services and products across countries
What is ‘Trade bloc’?
Trading partnership between countries
What is ‘free trade’?
When countries trade without restrictions on imports or exports
What is ‘Fair trade’?
Where majority of the money goes to farmers - morally ethical way to trade
What does giving aid mean?
The assistance given from one country to another
What is the difference between emergency and development aid?
Emergency aid: Short term aid given after or during a disaster often including medicine, food ,water and shelter
Development aid: Long term aid given to local communities to improve education and skills for a sustainable future
What aid is given by Penny Appeal? Why?
What aid is given by Oxfam? Why?
Penny Appeal: Emergency aid - desperate times to reduce misery in war inflicted areas, short term providing food, water and shelter.
Oxfam: Development aid - Provide cow loan scheme in Malawi. Isn’t done in a particular emergency but done to improve quality of lives for future generations.
Why should and shouldn’t we give aid?
SHOULD:
- Emergency aid in desperate times to reduce misery
- Developing natural resources + power supplies can strengthen their economy
- Aid for agriculture can increase the food supply
SHOULDN’T:
- Can increase dependency of LIC on donor country
- Aid doesn’t always reach who need it - corruption
- Aid can be a weapon to exert political force on LIC’s
