Theme 1 chapter 1 - Urban and rural process

Question 1

What does Urbanisation mean?

Answer 1

The physical and human growth of towns and cities.

Question 2

Where in the world experiences Urbanisation the most and why?

Answer 2

LIC countries

• Many undereducated about contraception
• Many women shamed using contraceptive methods
• Many have large families due to high infant mortality rates

Question 3

Why does urbanisation occur?

Answer 3

It occurs when people are pushed from one area due to disadvantages and and attracted to another area which obtains their desire (eg education)

Question 4

What issues occur in cities with Urbanisation?

Answer 4

Traffic
Congestion
Noise pollution
Air pollution
High crime rates
Lack of green spaces
High competition for jobs
High competition for housing

Question 5

Why has urbanisation occurred in London?

Answer 5

Better healthcare
More / larger schools 
More culture
Family relations 
Entertainment

Question 6

What are the push and pull factors of national migration?

Answer 6

PUSH
-Racism 
-It can be inconvenient 
-Amenities close early 
-Small schools
PULL
-Entertainment
-More police presence 
-Everything is convenient 
- More / larger schools
-More cultures

Question 7

Why do people like to live amongst people of the same ethnic group as them in towns and cities?

Answer 7

• Specialised facilities
• Safety in numbers
• Familiar language
• Familiar lifestyle

Question 8

What solutions are there to stop segregation?

Answer 8

Parent evenings
Festivals
Community gatherings
Coffee mornings

Question 9

How do towns start to become deprived?

Answer 9

When an industry moves away reducing jobs in area.

Question 10

What is the cycle of deprivation?

Answer 10

1) An industry moves away
2) Large amounts of derelict land is left behind
3) The more wealthy people move out of the area leaving the poorest behind and less tax is paid
4) Antisocial behaviour increases within the area
5) Other industries are reluctant to join

Question 11

How can the cycle of deprivation be broken?

Answer 11

More jobs created
More youth centres
More green spaces
More police presence

Question 12

Why do more homes need to be made in London?

Answer 12

• More people are living longer
• Population is increasing
• More people are living alone

Question 13

What are the types of housing?

Answer 13

• Tower block
• Terraced houses
• Semi-detached housing
• Detached housing

Question 14

In what zone would you expect each housing?

Answer 14

Zone A - Expensive homes and shops
Zone B - Terraced houses, Tower blocks
Zone C - Tower blocks, Semi-detached
Zone D - Detached houses

Question 15

What are the types of housing tenures?

Answer 15

Private landlord
Social landlord
Owner occupied

Question 16

What are the advantages and disadvantages of private landlord?

Answer 16

ADVANTAGES:
-Someone pairs for repairs
-Easy to move out (Just need 1 month notice)
-lots of properties available to rent
DISADVANTAGES
-Normally doesn’t allow pets
-might have to wait long for repairs (unreliable landlord)
-Landlord may be more interested in making money

Question 17

What are the advantages and disadvantages of social landlord?

Answer 17

ADVANTAGES:
-Someone else pays for repairs
-Much cheaper and can easily use housing benefits to pay
DISADVANTAGES:
-Cant chose where to live
-Often landlords don’t allow pets or decoration
-Can wait long time to get property

Question 18

What are the advantages and disadvantages of owner occupied?

Answer 18

ADVANTAGES:
-Have freedom to decorate or have pets 
-Can make profit from selling home 
-After paying mortgage house is 'free'
DISADVANTAGES:
-Needs lots of money to buy house 
-Home can be repossessed if any payments missed
-May be difficult to sell house afterwards

Question 19

What are the damaging effects of traffic in London?

Answer 19

More car accidents
Noise pollution
Many delivery drivers late
Many people late to work

Question 20

What are the solutions for traffic in London?

Answer 20

Park and ride scheme: park car outside CBD and get on bus into CBD
Cycle lanes: attract cyclist to ride bike in safe place
Congestion charge: Money is required to enter CBD by vehicle

Question 21

Why has Urbanisation occurred in Nairobi?

Answer 21

PUSH
- Women are vulnerable 
- Agriculture is only source of employment 
-Risk of droughts and floods 
PULL
-A variety of jobs 
-Increased salary
-Houses with better infrastructure

Question 22

What is Kibera?

Answer 22

It is a slum in Nairobi

Question 23

What type of homes exist in Kibera?

Answer 23

• Poor stability
• Small, unstable and congested
• Owners don’t have legal right to homes (can be thrown out anytime)

Question 24

What issues do people face in Kibera?

Answer 24

• Congested and unhygienic conditions -> prone to disease
• Railway runs through slum -> Dangerous for children
• Near river -> risk of flooding

Question 25

How do you build a sustainable house in London -Look at bedZED?

Answer 25

• 777 square metres of solar panels
• Triple glazed windows
• Wind cows: move in winter towards warm air and move in summer towards cool air
• Houses face south towards sun
• Car loan scheme
• Thick insulated walls

Question 26

How can houses in Kibera improve? (Self- help schemes)

Answer 26

Practical action

• Locally obtained soil blocks for homes to improve ventilation
• Pots given to families to reduce smoke production in cooking (benefit health)