Theme 1 chapter 1 - Urban and rural process Flashcards
What does Urbanisation mean?
The physical and human growth of towns and cities.
Where in the world experiences Urbanisation the most and why?
LIC countries
- Many undereducated about contraception
- Many women shamed using contraceptive methods
- Many have large families due to high infant mortality rates
Why does urbanisation occur?
It occurs when people are pushed from one area due to disadvantages and and attracted to another area which obtains their desire (eg education)
What issues occur in cities with Urbanisation?
Traffic Congestion Noise pollution Air pollution High crime rates Lack of green spaces High competition for jobs High competition for housing
Why has urbanisation occurred in London?
Better healthcare More / larger schools More culture Family relations Entertainment
What are the push and pull factors of national migration?
PUSH -Racism -It can be inconvenient -Amenities close early -Small schools PULL -Entertainment -More police presence -Everything is convenient - More / larger schools -More cultures
Why do people like to live amongst people of the same ethnic group as them in towns and cities?
- Specialised facilities
- Safety in numbers
- Familiar language
- Familiar lifestyle
What solutions are there to stop segregation?
Parent evenings
Festivals
Community gatherings
Coffee mornings
How do towns start to become deprived?
When an industry moves away reducing jobs in area.
What is the cycle of deprivation?
1) An industry moves away
2) Large amounts of derelict land is left behind
3) The more wealthy people move out of the area leaving the poorest behind and less tax is paid
4) Antisocial behaviour increases within the area
5) Other industries are reluctant to join
How can the cycle of deprivation be broken?
More jobs created
More youth centres
More green spaces
More police presence
Why do more homes need to be made in London?
- More people are living longer
- Population is increasing
- More people are living alone
What are the types of housing?
- Tower block
- Terraced houses
- Semi-detached housing
- Detached housing
In what zone would you expect each housing?
Zone A - Expensive homes and shops
Zone B - Terraced houses, Tower blocks
Zone C - Tower blocks, Semi-detached
Zone D - Detached houses
What are the types of housing tenures?
Private landlord
Social landlord
Owner occupied
What are the advantages and disadvantages of private landlord?
ADVANTAGES:
-Someone pairs for repairs
-Easy to move out (Just need 1 month notice)
-lots of properties available to rent
DISADVANTAGES
-Normally doesn’t allow pets
-might have to wait long for repairs (unreliable landlord)
-Landlord may be more interested in making money
What are the advantages and disadvantages of social landlord?
ADVANTAGES:
-Someone else pays for repairs
-Much cheaper and can easily use housing benefits to pay
DISADVANTAGES:
-Cant chose where to live
-Often landlords don’t allow pets or decoration
-Can wait long time to get property
What are the advantages and disadvantages of owner occupied?
ADVANTAGES: -Have freedom to decorate or have pets -Can make profit from selling home -After paying mortgage house is 'free' DISADVANTAGES: -Needs lots of money to buy house -Home can be repossessed if any payments missed -May be difficult to sell house afterwards
What are the damaging effects of traffic in London?
More car accidents
Noise pollution
Many delivery drivers late
Many people late to work
What are the solutions for traffic in London?
Park and ride scheme: park car outside CBD and get on bus into CBD
Cycle lanes: attract cyclist to ride bike in safe place
Congestion charge: Money is required to enter CBD by vehicle
Why has Urbanisation occurred in Nairobi?
PUSH - Women are vulnerable - Agriculture is only source of employment -Risk of droughts and floods PULL -A variety of jobs -Increased salary -Houses with better infrastructure
What is Kibera?
It is a slum in Nairobi
What type of homes exist in Kibera?
- Poor stability
- Small, unstable and congested
- Owners don’t have legal right to homes (can be thrown out anytime)
What issues do people face in Kibera?
- Congested and unhygienic conditions -> prone to disease
- Railway runs through slum -> Dangerous for children
- Near river -> risk of flooding
How do you build a sustainable house in London -Look at bedZED?
- 777 square metres of solar panels
- Triple glazed windows
- Wind cows: move in winter towards warm air and move in summer towards cool air
- Houses face south towards sun
- Car loan scheme
- Thick insulated walls
How can houses in Kibera improve? (Self- help schemes)
Practical action
- Locally obtained soil blocks for homes to improve ventilation
- Pots given to families to reduce smoke production in cooking (benefit health)
