The wrist and hand Flashcards

1
Q

Name three muscles in the thenar compartment

A
  1. Abductor Pollicis Brevis
  2. Opponens Pollicis
  3. Flexor Pollicis Brevis
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2
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of the thumb

Action: abducts the thumb

Innervation: median nerve

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3
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Opponens Pollicis

A

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: 1st metacarpal

Action: draws 1st metacarpal to oppose the pinky in the center of the palm

Innervation: median

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4
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of the thumb

Action: flexes thumb

Innervation: median and ulnar

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5
Q

Name the 3 muscles in the hypothenar compartment

A
  1. Abductor Digiti Minimi
  2. Opponen Digiti Minimi
  3. Flexor Digiti Minimi
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6
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: pisiform

Insertion: medial side of the proximal phalanx of the pinky

Action: abducts the pinky

Innervation: ulnar nerve

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Opponen Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate

Insertion: medial 5th metacarpal

Action: draws 5th metacarpal to oppose the thumb in the center of the palm

Innervation: ulnar nerve

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8
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate

Insertion: medial side of the proximal phalanx of the pinky

Action: flexes pinky

Innervation: ulnar nerve

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9
Q

Name the 2 interossei muscles and describe there origin, insertion, function and innervation

A

Palmer and Dorsal interossei

Origin: palmar or dorsal metacarpals

Insertion: digits 2-5

Action: adducts digits like Spock hands when he says live long and prosper

Innervation: ulnar nerve

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Lumbricals

A

found inbetween the metacarpals

Origin: distal portion of flexor digitorum profundus tendons

Insertion: distal portion of extensor digitorum tendons

Action: flexes and extends fingers

Innervation: median and ulnar nerves

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin: anterior side of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of the thub

Action: adducts thumb

Innervation: ulnar nerve

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12
Q

What is the extensor retinacula and what is it fxn

A

Fascia in the that extends over the posterior portion of the radius and ulna

fxn= to keep the extensor tendons in position and prevent “bowstringing”

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13
Q

What bones do the is the flexor retinacula (transverse carpal ligament) connect

A

the scaphoid and trapezium bones on the radial side to the hamate and pisiform on the ulnar side

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14
Q

What is the area inferior to the flexor retinacula and superior to the distal carpals

A

the carpal tunnel

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15
Q

What important structures lie within the carpal tunnel

A

the tendons of the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and the median nerve

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16
Q

What nerve does carpal tunnel syndrome affect

A

the median nerve

17
Q

Even though the palmer cutaneous nerve is a branch of the median nerve why is NOT affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

because it branches from the median nerve proximal to the carpal tunnel

18
Q

What important structures lie between the palmar carpal ligament and the flexor retinacula

A

the ulnar nerve, the palmaris longus nerve, and the ulnar artery (These are NOT in carpal tunnel)

19
Q

Why is coordination of thumb lost in carpal tunnel

A

because the median nerve innervates the thenar muscles

20
Q

How can you detect irritated nerves like in the case of carpal tunnel

A

Tinels sign= its were you tap on a nerve to illict a pins and needles feeling (paraesthia)

21
Q

What is skiers thumb

A

the rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

22
Q

What important structures lie deep to the anatomical snuff box

A

the radial artery, the radial nerve, the scaphoid and the trapezium

23
Q

Pain in the anatomical snuff box after a fall on an outstretched hand may indicate what and why is it important

A

fx scaphoid

important because scaphoid fx may cause loss of blood supply to that area, and since this area is where the wrist/hand articulates with the radius loss of blood= necorsis= loss of wrist fxn.

24
Q

What 2 arteries form the superficial palmar arch

A

the superficial ulnar and radial arteries

25
What is Allen's test
test the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries as well as the collateral circulation of the hand commonly used to reduce risk of ischemia prior to radial ABG