the world after world war I Flashcards
Atatürk
Turkish army officer, reformer, and first president of the modern Republic of Turkey after the Ottoman defeat in WWI, means “father of the Turks”
Anti-semitism
term coined in late 19th century that was associated with a prejudice against Jews and the political, social, and economic actions taken against them
Indian National Congress
founded in 1885; dedicated to struggle against British rule
mandate system
system that developed in the wake of WWI when the former colonies ended up mandates under European control, a thinly veiled attempt at continuing
Mao Zedong
created Maoism (peasants rather than urban proletariats were foundation for successful revolution); emerged as leader of Chinese communist movement
Sigmund Freud
found that conflict between conscious and subconscious led to neurotic behavior; believed that dreams held key to deepest recesses of human psyche; convinced theory psychoanalysis proved keys to understanding all humans
Mohandas K. Gandhi
remarkable and charismatic leader; embraced moral philosophy of ahimsa (tolerance and nonviolence) an developed technique of satyagraha (truth and firmness); turned Indian National Congress into organization that became an effective instruction of Indian nationalism when he returned in 1915; wanted to eradicate injustices of caste system; called on Indians to boycott British goods/schools/offices/courts and disagreed about industrialization of India
economic nationalism
economic policies pursued by many governments affected by the Great Depression in which the nation tries to become economically self-sufficient by imposing high tariffs on foreign goods
Chinese Communist Party
created in 1921 after some Chinese became interested in Marxism
May Fourth Movement
Chinese movement that began May 4th 1919 with a desire to eliminate imperialist influences and promote national unity
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
assumed leadership of Guomindang after death of Sun Yatsen; launched a political and military offensive that aimed to unify the nation and bring China under Guomindang rule; turned against his former communist allies toward the end of his successful campaign
Guomindang
Chinese nationalist party founded by Sun Yatsen and later led by Jiang Jieshi
Ahimsa
Jain term for the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls
Great Depression
economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939; caused by overproduction of certain materials which decreased the price/demand which led to firing of workers
The Long March
1934 communists started march to Yan’an which was 6215 miles
Satyagraha
“truth and firmness” a term associated with Gandhi’s policy of passive resistance
Zionism
political movement that holds that the Jewish people constitute a nation and have the right to their own national homeland
Theodor Herzl
Jewish journalist from Vienna; thought anti-semitism = persistent feature of human society that assimilation could not solve; published pamphlet Judenstaat; organized first Zionist Congress
“lost generation”
generation reaching maturity during and just after World War I, a high proportion of whose men were killed during those years
India Act
1935 British Act that transferred to India the institutions of a self-governing state
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
brilliant lawyer who headed the Muslim league; warned that unified India represented nothing less than a threat to the Muslim faith and its Indian community; proposed two states (India and Pakistan) bc of competing Muslim and Hindu faiths
Sun Yatsen
most prominent nationalist leader; opponent of old regime; declared China a republic in 1912 + assumed office as president
