industrial rev vocab quiz Flashcards
bourgeoisie
owned machinery/factories; wealthier people that managed proletariats (still middle class though); exploited their workers bc wanted to make so much money
Charles Fourier
social critic; wanted to establish ideal communities that would point the way to an equitable society; spent most of his life as a salesman, hated competition of market system
factory system
replaced putting out system of working in homes; was established bc new machines were too big/expensive to use in homes
Industrialization
process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production
James Watt
invented steam engine in 1765; used prevalently in textile industry; coal was burned to boil water which created steam which drove chemical devices
Karl Marx
German theorist; prominent socialist; believed social problems were result of capitalist economy; wrote Capital and Manifesto of the Communist Party
laissez-faire
idea that the gov’t shouldn’t intervene in personal matters/private life
Luddites
organized bands of English handicraft workers; went on a rampage between 1811-1816 and destroyed textile machines bc they made them poor
mercantilism
wealth is in gold/silver; taxes on foreign goods
migration
movement of people into new area in order to find work
proletariat
wageworkers; poor people that worked for bourgeoisie; horrible standard of living; working class
Robert Owen
social critic; wanted to establish ideal communities that would point the way to an equitable society; was a successful businessman; transformed cotton mill town into a model industrial community, raised wages, decreased work hours, built houses, had a store with fair prices
socialism
theory of social organization that wanted the means of production to be regulated by the whole community
standard of living
level of material comfort measured by availability of goods, services, and products
Thomas Malthus
British clergyman; thought that the population always was outgrowing the resources needed to sustain it; thought gov’t needed to implement preventative checks –>abstinence + positive checks –> famine, disease, war
