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Hitler's rise to power > The Weimar Republic > Flashcards

The Weimar Republic Flashcards

1
Q

What % of German troops became casualties?

A

55%

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2
Q

Germany’s debts in 1918

A

Trebled pre-war levels

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3
Q

How many Germans died from food shortages in WW1?

A

750,000

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4
Q

When did the Kaiser initially refuse to abdicate?

A

9th Nov

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5
Q

Who did the Kaiser lose the support of?

A

The army

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6
Q

When did Kaiser go into exile in Holland?

A

10th Nov

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7
Q

Who announced the Kaiser had gone and there’d be a new republic?

A

Philipp Scheidemann - leader of SPD

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8
Q

9th Nov - streets of Berlin

A

Full of people - some peacefully protesting, some collected guns and took over parts of the city

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9
Q

Who had the Kaiser’s chancellor been?

A

Max Von Baden

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10
Q

What did von Baden do on Nov 9th

A

Hand over his office to Ebert

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11
Q

What did Ebert do on 10th Nov with the army?

A

Agreed with General Groener to work together to keep communists out of gov

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12
Q

Who formed the Council of People’s Representatives?

A

6 moderate politicians

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13
Q

What did Ebert do to the Reichstag on Nov 10th

A

Suspend it temporarily so the Council of People’s Representatives could make a constitution

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14
Q

Who signed the armistice?

A

Erzberger

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15
Q

How did Ebert ensure the state kept running?

A

Kept the civil servant stay who’d been there under the Kaiser’s rule

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16
Q

What did Ebert assure General Groener?

A

The army wouldn’t be reformed - officers to keep ranks. Groener agreed to use the army to keep the republic in power

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17
Q

How did Ebert ensure the economy would continue to operate?

A

Reassured leaders of industry - like Hugo Stinnes - that the Republic wouldn’t confiscate land or factories, no nationalism of private companies

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18
Q

How did Ebert win the support of trade unions?

A

Promised their leader - Carl Legien - that they’d work towards an 8 hour working day

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19
Q

What would the National Assembly do?

A

Create the constitution

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20
Q

When were the elections for the National Assembly

A

19th January 1919

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21
Q

What % of the seats in the National Assembly were held by moderates?

A

60%

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22
Q

Who would chose all gov ministers?

A

Chancellor

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23
Q

How many votes was the new constitution agreed by?

A

262 to 75

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24
Q

Article 1 of the constitution

A

Democracy - voting age 21 (men + women),

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25
Q

What could the Reichsrat do?

A

Delay any new laws passed unless the Reichstag overruled with 2/3 majority

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26
Q

Which house controlled taxation?

A

Reichstag

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27
Q

What did the Lander governments control?

A

police, courts and schools

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28
Q

How many coalition govs between 1919-23?

A

Nine

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29
Q

How many parties in total during 1920s

A

29

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30
Q

Was the Weimar Gov the choice of the people?

A

No - gov had relied on violence + army to subdue Berlin riots

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31
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

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32
Q

Diktak

A

Versailles imposed, not agreed on with equal terms

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33
Q

What did Germany do to try and reduce terms of Versailles?

A

Asked for concessions but all were refused

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34
Q

What were reparations fixed at?

A

£6.6 billion

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35
Q

How many colonies did Germany lose?

A

11

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36
Q

German Navy

A

Six battleships, 12 destroyers, no submarines

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37
Q

What happened to the Rhineland under Versailles

A

Permanently demilitarised and occupied by allied troops

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38
Q

What land was lost to France?

A

Alsace and Lorraine

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39
Q

What land was lost to Belgium?

A

Malmedy and Eupen

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40
Q

What land was lost to Poland?

A

Posen and West Prussia

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41
Q

What land decided to become a part of Poland

A

Upper Silesia

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42
Q

What land voted to become a part of Denmark?

A

Northern Schleswig

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43
Q

What happened to the port of Danzig?

A

Became a free city for Poland’s access to the sea

44
Q

What happened to the Output of the Saar coalfields?

A

Went to France for 15 years

45
Q

What % of its population did Germany lose

A

10%

46
Q

What % of its European territory did Germany lose?

A

13%

47
Q

What % of its iron reserves did Germany lose?

A

50

48
Q

How did Versailles make Germany politically weak?

A

Made people resent the leaders of the republic who’d signed it

49
Q

What % of seats did moderate have in the June 6th 1920 elections

A

45% - no enough for majority coalitions

50
Q

How many newspapers and members did the KPD have?

A

33 daily newspapers and 400,000 members

51
Q

What did Ebert do on January 4th 1919?

A

Sack chief of police in Berlin - Emil Eichhorn, thousands took to the streets in protest

52
Q

What did the Sparticists do on January 6th?

A

Called for an uprising and general strike - 100,000 workers took to the streets - seized gov newspaper and telegraph offices

53
Q

How many Freikorps by March 1919?

A

250,000

54
Q

When had the rebels in the Sparticists uprising been driven off the streets by?

A

13th January

55
Q

When were Freikorps in Berlin due to be disbanded?

A

March 1920

56
Q

How many Freikorps marched on Berlin?

A

5000

57
Q

Ebert ordered head of Reichswehr to put down the Freikorp rebels

A

‘Reichswehr does not fire upon Reichswehr’

58
Q

What did Kapp do?

A

Declare a new gov and invited Kaiser back from exile

59
Q

Where did the gov flee to during the Kapp Putsch?

A

Stuttgart

60
Q

Who was the foreign minister machine-gunned to death in Berlin 1922?

A

Walther Rathenau

61
Q

E.gs of political murders

A

Erzberger in 1921, Hugo Haase, one of Council of People’s Representatives in 1919

62
Q

How many political murders 1919-22?

A

376

63
Q

KPD’s army

A

Red Front Fighters - Rotfrontkampfer

64
Q

DNVP’s army

A

Stahlhelm

65
Q

What did the French confiscate in the Ruhr

A

Raw materials, manufactured goods and industrial machienry

66
Q

What did the Ruhr contain?

A

80% of Germany’s coal, iron and steel reserves

67
Q

In 1923 how many printing shops were there?

A

2000

68
Q

Impact of hyperinflation on food shortages?

A

Foreign supplied refused to accept marks - imports dried up

69
Q

When did Stresemann set up the Rentenbank?

A

November 1923

70
Q

When was the Reichsbank given control of this new currency?

A

August 1924

71
Q

How much did US banks loan German industry?

A

$25 billion

72
Q

Dawes Plan effect of reparations

A

Temporarily reduced to £50 million per year

73
Q

What happened to industrial output 1923-1928

A

Doubled

74
Q

What is a ‘virtuous cycle’ of economic growth?

A

Lower taxes = higher public spending power = boosted industry = more jobs = higher spending power

75
Q

When did the French agree to leave the Ruhr?

A

After the Dawes Plan

76
Q

When did the French agree to leave the Rhineland?

A

1930

77
Q

1925 Locarno Pact

A

Germany accepted its new border with France, France promised peace, Rhineland permanently demilitarised, open talks to German membership of League of Nations

78
Q

When was Germany accepted into the League of Nations?

A

Sept 1926

79
Q

Kellogg Briand Pact

A

Promise to not use war to achieve foreign policy aims

80
Q

May 1928 Elections vs May 1924 elections

A

58% moderates vs 45%
28% extremists vs 40%

81
Q

When did Ebert die?

A

1925 - one of the November Criminals

82
Q

Impact of Ebert being replaced by Hindenburg

A

Former field marshal of Kaiser’s army - reassured middle class + gave Republic a strong figurehead

83
Q

When did Stresemann have a heart attack?

A

3rd October 1929

84
Q

Unemployment 1926 —> 1928

A

2 million —> 1.3 million

85
Q

Unemployment Insurance Act 1927

A

Pay 3% of wages for ~60 marks a week in unemployment and sickness benefits

86
Q

How many workers payed into the Unemployment Insurance Act?

A

16.4 million

87
Q

Real wages 1925 —> 1928

A

Rose by 25%

88
Q

Working week 1925 —> 1927

A

50 —> 46 hours

89
Q

What was introduced in 1925 to fund building associations?

A

A 15% rent tax

90
Q

How many houses were built by private companies?

A

37,000

91
Q

Housing shortage in 1923

A

1 million home

92
Q

Who were paid pensions throughout the 1920s

A

750,000 war veterans, 400,000 war widows, 200,000 parents of dead servicemen

93
Q

How many students were in higher education in 1928?

A

110,000

94
Q

How many students were in higher education before the war?

A

70,000

95
Q

In Weimar elections, what % of women voted?

A

90%

96
Q

By 1932, what % of the Reichstag was female?

A

10%

97
Q

How many female judges were there in 1933?

A

36

98
Q

What happened to the number of female doctors 1925-32?

A

Doubled

99
Q

What happened to the divorce rate compared to 1913?

A

More than doubled

100
Q

Famous Weimar artist

A

Otto Dix - expressionism

101
Q

One of the world’s first horror films

A

The Cabinet of Dr Claligari

102
Q

How many cinemas showing films with sound by 1932?

A

3800

103
Q

How many people were at the first NSDAP meeting Hitler attended?

A

23

104
Q
A
105
Q
A

Hitler's rise to power (4 decks)

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