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Hitler's rise to power > Life in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Life in Nazi Germany Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Nazi’s want women’s appearance to be?

A

‘natural look’ - long skirts, no makeup and tied back or plaited hair

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2
Q

When + who was appointed as Reich Women’s leader to oversea all policies relating to women?

A

1934 Gertrud Scholtz Kilink

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3
Q

What did all women’s organisations have to merge with

A

German’s Women’s Enterprise

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4
Q

German word for German’s Women’s Enterprise

A

Deutsches Frauenwerk

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5
Q

How many women attended the DfW’s domestic activities by 1939?

A

1.7 million

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6
Q

How many members were there eventually in the DFW?

A

6 Million

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7
Q

How many births per year were there in 1933?

A

1 million - half the birth rate of 1900

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8
Q

What was the marriage law introduced in 1933?

A

The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage - loans of up to 1000 marks - 8 months wages

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9
Q

One what condition were the marriage loans available?

A

If the wife stopped work

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10
Q

When were the divorce laws changed?

A

1938 - if a wife couldn’t/wouldn’t have children or had an abortion, this could be used as grounds for divorce

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11
Q

When was the Lebensborn programme introduced?

A

1935

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12
Q

Example of one Lebensborn home

A

Between 1938 and 1941 - helped over 540 mothers give birth

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13
Q

When were women banned from professional posts - teachers, doctors, etc

A

1933

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14
Q

By 1934, how many women had given up work?

A

360,000

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15
Q

What were women banned from by 1936?

A

Being a judge, lawyer or doing jury service

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16
Q

When were grammar schools banned?

A

1937

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17
Q

How many students starting higher education in 1932 vs 1939

A

17,000 to 6,000

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18
Q

How many women were in work 1933 vs 1939

A

5 million vs 7 million

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19
Q

When were women were marriage loans allowed to work?

A

1937

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20
Q

Membership of Protestant church youth groups vs Nazi youth groups in 1932

A

600,000 vs 100,000

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21
Q

When were all sports facilities taken over by the Nazis

A

1936

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22
Q

Who was the Hitler youth leader?

A

Baldur Von Schirach

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23
Q

Lesson titles for Hitler youth to learn

A

‘German heroes’ ‘The evil of the Jews’

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24
Q

What did members of the Hitler Youth have to do?

A

Swear an oath of loyalty to the Fuhrer

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25
Q

When was membership of Hitler Youth made compulsory?

A

March 1939

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26
Q

By 1938, how many Hitler Youth were being trained in small arms shooting?

A

1.2 million

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27
Q

Part of oath of loyalty to Hitler of Jungvolk (10yr old)

A

‘I am willing and ready to give up my life for him, so help me God’

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28
Q

Why were Hitler Youth made to plunge into icy water, face harsh punishments or do exercise in wintry weather?

A

To build young Germans who obeyed orders unconditionally

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29
Q

Bernhard Rust

A

‘the whole purpose of education is to create Nazis’

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30
Q

How many headteachers did Rust sack in Prussia in April 1933?

A

180

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31
Q

How many teachers had attended political education courses by 1939?

A

200,000

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32
Q

Nazi propaganda in schools

A

Taught to do the Nazi salute, each lesson started and ended with ‘heil hitler’, nazi posters and flags decorated the classes

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33
Q

What happened to the amount of PE taught

A

It double - 1/6 of lesson time

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34
Q

Which book was made a compulsory school text?

A

Mein Kampf

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35
Q

What happened to all school textbooks in 1935?

A

Had to be approved by the Nazis

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36
Q

What were Napolas?

A

Boarding schools intending to train the future leaders of Germany

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37
Q

Who were selected for Napolas

A

The most intelligent, competitive, aggressive and racially pure children

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38
Q

Who taught children in napolas?

A

Selected members of the SA and SS

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39
Q

Where did children go once finishing school in a napola?

A

Army, SS or police as officers

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40
Q

Curriculum of napolas?

A

The same but with no RE and more sport

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41
Q

When were 25% of the labour force unemployed?

A

January 1933

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42
Q

What was the Nazi view on the unemployed?

A

A waste of resources and a burden on society

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43
Q

What was the unemployment in 1939?

A

1/2 million

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44
Q

What was the RAD?

A

Workers for public works - draining marshes, planting trees and repairing/building roads

45
Q

How many people were in the RAD by 1935?

A

422,000

46
Q

What is the German for the RAD?

A

Reich Arbeits Dienst

47
Q

How was the RAD militaristic?

A

Workers wore uniforms, lived in camps, did military drills and parades

48
Q

When was service in the RAD made compulsory

A

1935

49
Q

By 1935, how many were employed in building autobahns?

A

125,000

50
Q

How many km of autobahns had been completed by 1938?

A

3,500

51
Q

Spending on public works 1933 vs 1938

A

18 billion vs 38 billion

52
Q

Nazi public works schemes

A

Public buildings, bridges, coastal walls and sports facilities

53
Q

Why were the autobahns particularly beneficial?

A

Quicker and cheaper transport for industry and agriculture = boosted sale of goods at home and abroad == more jobs for the rest of economy

54
Q

When did Hitler announce military conscription?

A

1935

55
Q

How many men were in the armed forces by 1939?

A

1,360,000

56
Q

Gov spending on arms 1933 vs 1939

A

3.5 billion vs 26 billion

57
Q

Impact of rearmament on unemployment

A

People employed in aircraft industry - in two years had increased 18x

58
Q

How was invisible unemployment achieved?

A

Part time workers recorded as full time, women and jews who’d been forced to give up work were counted as unemployed

59
Q

How did public works help the Nazis achieve invisible unemployment?

A

Amount spent was not sustainable - so they weren’t ‘real jobs’

60
Q

Why was Nazi reduction in unemployment not particularly special?

A

Unemployment was falling everywhere as countries recovered from the great depression

61
Q

Change in the working week 1933 vs 1939

A

43 hours vs 49 hours

62
Q

Did real wages rise under Nazi rule

A

Not really for lower income workers - cancelled out by the higher costs of essentials

63
Q

What was the KdF

A

To make the benefits of work more enjoyable - so Germans enjoyed working

64
Q

How many members were there of the KdF by 1936?

A

35 million

65
Q

How many workers went on holidays and cruises through KdF?

A

700,000

66
Q

How many workers went to theatre performances through KdF?

A

11,000,000

67
Q

How many marks did people pay a week for a Volkswagen?

A

5

68
Q

What was the SdA

A

Campaigned for employers to provide better facilities - provided tax breaks to help building costs

69
Q

By 1938 how many employers had improved their facilities through SdA?

A

34,000

70
Q

Weaknesses of the SdA

A

Normal for the employers to expect the workers to do the building and decorating themselves - after hours and with no pay

71
Q

What is eugenics?

A

The science of selective breeding

72
Q

What did Hitler deem Jews and gypsies?

A

Lebensunwertes - unworthy of life

73
Q

Why did some Christians hate Jews?

A

They blamed them for the execution of Christ

74
Q

What did the Nazis threaten to do to Slav countries in Eastern Europe

A

Invade them for Lebensraum

75
Q

Why did the Nazis hate the Roma people?

A

They didn’t work enough or contribute enough to taxes, posed a threat to racial purity

76
Q

1939 - gypsies

A

Orders to prepare all gypsies for deportation - would be forcibly removed from Germany

77
Q

1933 - gypsies

A

Arrested as social nuisances and sent to concentration camps

78
Q

1936 gypsies

A

Some forced to live in special camps - one camp contained 600 with two latrines

79
Q

1938 gypsies

A

Banned from travelling in groups, rounded up and tested for racial characteristics

80
Q

What happened if gypsies failed the racial characteristics test?

A

They lost citizenship and social benefits

81
Q

What did Nazis believe about homosexuals?

A

They lowered the moral standards and spoiled the purity of the German race

82
Q

How many homosexual males imprisoned by 1938?

A

8000

83
Q

How many homosexual males imprisoned by 1934?

A

766

84
Q

How many German homosexuals died in concentration camps?

A

5000

85
Q

In 1933 what law made it compulsory for people to be sterilised if they were mentally ill, alcoholic, deaf, epileptic or blind?

A

Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

86
Q

How many ‘hereditarily diseased’ people were sterilised by 1939?

A

400,000

87
Q

What was the T4 programme?

A

Babies with severe mental/physical disabilities should be killed by starvation or lethal overdose - eventually up to 17yrs old

88
Q

Which programme killed 5,000 children with disabilities?

A

T4 Programme

89
Q

How many Jews were in Germany in 1933?

A

437,000 - less than 1% of the population

90
Q

What did Nazi propaganda call Jews?

A

‘vermin’ ‘filth’ evil and scheming

91
Q

Persecution against the Jews April 1933?

A

Banned from government jobs and civil servants and teachers sacked

92
Q

When were Jews banned from the army?

A

May 1935

93
Q

What happened of the 1st April 1933

A

Official boycott of Jewish shops, businesses, doctors and lawyers

94
Q

What did the SA do during the Jewish boycott?

A

Painted the Jewish star or the word ‘Jude’ - Jew outside businesses, the stood outside with banners and discouraged people to enter

95
Q

When were the Nuremberg Laws passed?

A

15th September 1935

96
Q

What was the Reich Law on Citezenship

A

Only those of German blood could be citizens - Jews now ‘subjects’, lost right to vote, hold gov office or passports

97
Q

What law prevented Jews from marrying German citizens and forbade sexual relations between Jews and citizens?

A

The Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour

98
Q

Jewish persecution - March 1938

A

Jews had to register all their possession - easier to confiscate

99
Q

Jewish persecution - July 1938

A

Jews had to carry identity cards - easier to be persecuted

100
Q

Aftermath of Kristallnacht

A

Jews fined 1 billion marks for damage, by 12th Nov 20,000 Jews rounded up and sent to conc camps

101
Q

What did Goebbels do on 8th November 1938?

A

Ordered local papers of Hanover to condemn the paris shooting, used the SS/SS/Gestapo to attack local synagogues and houses

102
Q

When did vom Rath die?

A

9th November 1938

103
Q

What did Hitler and Goebbels turn von Rath’s death into?

A

A nationwide attack on Jews - attacks on Jews and their property

104
Q

Police orders - Kristallnacht

A

Ordered to not prevent any violence by the public on Jews

105
Q

Examples of violence at Kristallnacht

A

An 18 year old Jew being thrown from the 3rd floor window

106
Q

Why were the SA and SS told not to wear uniforms (Kristallnacht)

A

So the violence would appear to be from members of the public

107
Q

Statistics of the Kristallnacht destruction

A

814 shops, 191 synagogues and 171 houses destroyed

108
Q

What happened on 7th Nov 1938?

A

Polish Jew, Grynszpan, went into German embassy in Paris and shot a random Nazi

109
Q

Why did Grynszpan shoot vom Rath?

A

Anger at the way the Germans had treated his parents

Hitler's rise to power (4 decks)

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