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Hitler's rise to power > Nazi control and dictatorship > Flashcards

Nazi control and dictatorship Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the two Nazis in Hitler’s cabinet?

A

Frick and Goering

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2
Q

New York times - creation of a dictatorship

A

‘the composition of the Cabinet leaves Herr Hitler no scope for his dictatorial ambition

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3
Q

When Hitler came to power, what proportion of the Reichstag were Nazis

A

About 1/3

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4
Q

How many communists were arrested on the night of the Reichstag fire?

A

4,000

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5
Q

What was the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State?

A

Powers to imprison political opponents and ban communist newspapers

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6
Q

E.g of an industrialist Hitler persuaded to bankroll the Nazi campaign

A

Gustav Krupp

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7
Q

Which election campaign was violent and resulted in 70 deaths?

A

March 5th

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8
Q

How many seats in the Reichstag did the Nazis have from the March 5th elections

A

288

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9
Q

What did Hitler’s new powers mean for the communists in the Reichstag?

A

Hitler could ban them from taking up their 81 seats

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10
Q

When was the enabling act passed?

A

24th March 1933

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11
Q

What did the enabling act do?

A

Essentially destroyed the Reichstag - Reich cabinet could pass new laws which could overrule the constitution, the laws could be proposed by the chancellor - Hitler

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12
Q

How many votes was the enabling act passed by?

A

444 to 94

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13
Q

What did Hitler ban in May 1933

A

Trade Unions - they could be used to undermine the government

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14
Q

When were all political parties made illegal?

A

July 1933

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15
Q

What did Hitler do in May 1933 regarding other political parties?

A

Stormtroopers entered the Social Democrats and Communist party’s offices, destroyed their newspapers and confiscated all their funds

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16
Q

What did Hitler do in January 1934 to centralise power?

A

Abolished all 18 Lander parliaments and declared that governors appointed by him would run every region of Germany

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17
Q

In 1933 what % of the SA were permanently unemployed?

A

60

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18
Q

How many storm troopers were there in 1934?

A

3 million

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19
Q

What had Rohm done to increase the numbers of stormtroopers

A

Merged an army veterans group, the Stahlhelm, with the SA

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20
Q

Why were the SA a bit annoyed at Hitler?

A

Complained that although they risked their lives for him, he undervalued them

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21
Q

Rohm’s political stance

A

Criticised Hitler’s links with rich indistrialists and army generals - wanted more socialist policies, to tax the rich, etc

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22
Q

Why did Heydrich and Himmler resent Rohm?

A

They wanted to reduce the power of the SA to increase their own power and the statuses of the SS and SD

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23
Q

Rohm and the army

A

The army believed that Rohm wanted the SA to replace the German army

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24
Q

How did Goering justify the Night of the Long Knives?

A

Claimed he was planning a second revolution to replace Hitler - killings were in Germany’s best interests

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25
Q

How many people killed during NLK?

A

400 - including 150 senior members of the SA

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26
Q

Why were people kind of grateful for the NLK?

A

The SA were hated for their brutality, so were glad to have them restrained - few knew how bad it was

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27
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

2nd August 1934

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28
Q

What did being Fuhrer mean for Hitler?

A

He added the President’s power’s to his powers as chancellor

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29
Q

What did Hitler force as a result of Hindenburg’s death?

A

An oath of loyalty from every soldier in the army

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30
Q

What was held on the 19th August?

A

A plebiscite - a public vote - to confirm Hitler as the fuhrer

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31
Q

Result of the plebiscite

A

Bombarded with propaganda, 90% voted in favour

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32
Q

What did the SD do?

A

Spied on all known opponents and critics of the Nazi party

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33
Q

When was the SS set up?

A

1925

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34
Q

How many SS were there to begin with?

A

240

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35
Q

How many SS were there during the 1930s?

A

240,000

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36
Q

Where was the SD’s card index kept?

A

In the Brown House - the Nazi headquarters in Munich

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37
Q

How many people were arrested in 1939 for political offenses?

A

160,000

38
Q

Head of the Gestapo?

A

Reinhard Heydrich

39
Q

Gestapo in Haamburg

A

Less than 50 officers - most clerical staff

40
Q

How many people were under protective arrest in 1939?

A

150,000

41
Q

When were Dachau and Moringen opened?

A

1933

42
Q

Who was the journalist who was sent to a conc camp for speaking out against the Nazis?

A

Carl von Ossietzky

43
Q

Carl von Ossietzky

A

When visited by the Red Cross, he had a swollen eye and was dragging a broken leg

44
Q

What did all judges have to join?

A

The National Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law

45
Q

How many sentenced to death for political offenses 1934 to 1939?

A

534

46
Q

The 1933 Concordat

A

Hitler confirmed freedom of worship + would stay out of Catholic schools, Catholic church to stay out of politics and bishops to swear an oath of loyalty to the regime

47
Q

With Burning Anxiety

A

Pope Pius XI - Mit Brennender Sorge

48
Q

The Reich Church 1936

A

Pastors who supported Hitler’s views could continue preaching, swastikas displayed, Old Testament removed from teaching

49
Q

What happened to Niemoller in 1937?

A

Sent to a concentration camp

50
Q

Goebbels attitude towards propaganda

A

Wanted Nazi attitudes buried so deeply into propaganda people didn’t realise their views were being changed

51
Q

Hitler’s attitude towards propaganda

A

Simplistic - constantly repeating Nazi message

52
Q

What were journalists given?

A

Regular briefings - what gov was willing to release + sometimes what to write

53
Q

How many newspapers were closed down in 1935?

A

1,600

54
Q

Where were radios also placed?

A

Cafes, schools, factories and on the street

55
Q

How was Hitler able to make rallies bigger in the 1930s

A

Had the resources of the entire German state at his disposal

56
Q

1934 Nuremburg rally

A

200,000 supporters, 20,000 flags, 130 anti aircraft searchlights

57
Q

How was sport linked to Nazism?

A

Covering sports stadiums with Nazi symbols

58
Q

What was insisted of foreign sports teams?

A

They made the straight arm salute during the national anthem

59
Q

Olympic stadium for Berlin Olympics

A

110,000 seats - biggest in the world

60
Q

How many medals did Germany win in the olympics?

A

33 - more than any other country

61
Q

Who were the Olympic games filmed by?

A

Leni Riefenstahl

62
Q

Footage of Berlin Olympics

A

Censored Jesse Owens, two films released in 1938

63
Q

What type of cultural activities did the Nazis stress?

A

Romantic ideas about Germany’s past, Nazi ideals - loyalty, struggle, self-sacrifice

64
Q

When was the Reich Chamber of Culture set up?

A

September 1933

65
Q

Role of the Reich Chamber of Culture

A

Ensure cultural activities consistent with Nazi ideas - Gleichschaltung

66
Q

How many artists were accepted into the Reich Chamber of Visual Arts

A

42,000

67
Q

When and how many paintings were removed from art galleries

A

1936 - 12,000 - Van Gough, Picasso

68
Q

Albert Speer’s projects

A

The new Chancellery and the new parade ground for the Nuremburg rallies

69
Q

Musicians favoured

A

Wagner, Bach, Beethoven

70
Q

How many writers were officially banned?

A

2500

71
Q

What did you need for a book to be published

A

Approval from the chamber of culture

72
Q

In May 1933, how many books were burned by students in Berlin?

A

20,000

73
Q

Audience of films in 1933?

A

over 250 million

74
Q

How many films did the Nazis make?

A

1300

75
Q

E.g of a Nazi made film, where a young Nazi is killed by communists

A

Hitlerjunge Quex

76
Q

What % of vote did Nazis hold in April 1932?

A

36%

77
Q

What % of the vote did the Nazis hold in July 1932?

A

38%

78
Q

General Ludwig Beck

A

Chief of Staff in army - tried to get officers to arrest Hitler, told the British the German army wouldn’t attack if Britain attacked

79
Q

What was the SPD’s opposition newspaper called?

A

Red Shock Troop

80
Q

Circulation of Red Shock Troop in 1933

A

3,000 copies

81
Q

How many pastors sent to conc camps?

A

800

82
Q

How many Catholic priests were sent to the Priest’s Block in Dachau?

A

400

83
Q

When was Niemoller sent to Sachsenhausen?

A

1938

84
Q

E.G of gestapo tapping phones

A

1934 - Niemoller

85
Q

What were the Edelweiss pirates called in Cologne?

A

Navajos

86
Q

What did the boys in the Edelweiss pirates do?

A

Long hair, checked shirts and white socks

87
Q

What did the Edelweiss pirates do?

A

Went on hike in the country to sing parodies of Hitler Youth songs, told jokes, taunt/attack Hitler Youth

88
Q

E.g of a swing band

A

Glen Miller Orchestra

89
Q

How many people attended Swing Youth’s illegal dances?

A

6000

90
Q

How many Edelweiss pirates vs Hitler Youth in 1939?

A

2000 vs 8 million

Hitler's rise to power (4 decks)

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