The Web Flashcards
the web, originally known as the
World Wide Web
A collection of webpages (often shortened to “pages”) makes up a
website
To access the web, you open a
a browser (Google, Chrome, Safari)
an address that identifies the location of the page on the Internet
uniform resource locator (URL)
A standardized procedure computers use to exchange information
Protocol (HTTP)
The address of the server storing the webpage
Server address (www.hbs.com)
The address to the folder containing the webpage
Pathname (student/index/html)
The name of the webpage file
File name (index/html)
the most common way to transfer information around the web, to retrieve the page
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
delivers webpages to computers requesting the pages through a browser
A web server
a unique number that consists of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255 separated by periods, or dots, as in 69.32.132.255.
Internet Protocol (IP) address
As you navigate websites, your browser keeps a copy of each page you view in a
cashe
The browser also keeps track of pages you have viewed in sequence by tracking
breadcrumbs
identifies the type of organization associated with the domain
a top-level domain (TLD)
Who approves and controls TLDs?
Public Technical Identifiers (PTI)
Unrestricted use, but usually identifies businesses
.biz
Most commercial sites that sell products and services
.com
Academic and research sites such as schools and universities
.edu
U.S. government organizations
.gov
International treaty organizations
.int
Military organizations
.mil
Sites optimized for mobile devices
.mobi
Network providers, ISPs, and other Internet administrative organizations
.net
Organizations such as political or not for profit (any website can have the it but, traditionally, only professional and nonprofit organizations such as churches and humanitarian groups use it)
.org
Licensed professionals
.pro
A nonprofit group that sets standards to allow devices, services, and applications to work together across the Internet.
the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
One of the leading organizations that set guidelines for the web and that work together to write web standards.
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
informal websites with time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format
blogs
site such as News360 or Flipboard gathers, organizes, and then distributes web content
A content aggregator
such as YouTube or Flickr, you can manage media such as photos, videos, and music and share them with other site members
media sharing site
a website that encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos online with other registered users
Online social network
is a website that combines pages from many sources and provides access to those pages. They are customized to meet your needs and interests.
A web portal, or portal
Search sites use a software designed to find webpages based on your search criteria
search engine
General-purpose search
Google, Yahoo!, and Bing
is a collaborative website where you and your colleagues can modify and publish content on a webpage.
wiki (useful for group projects)
Pros of Web Apps
You can access them from any device, anytime and anywhere, collaborate with others, save storage space in your device, and access the last version of the app without installing it.
Cons of Web Apps
must be online, privacy violations and security, If the provider has a problem you won’t be able to access your work, if the provider goes out of business you lose your files, and they have fewer features and are slow.
contains links to other parts of the website and lists information about the webpage, such as when it was last updated
Footer of the webpage
provides supplemental material, including social networking feeds, ads, and links
Sidebar of the webpage
A bar or menu lists links to other major parts of the website
Navigation bar of the webpage
a security method that scrambles or codes data as it is transmitted over a network so it is not readable until it is decrypted
Encryption
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
HTTPS
What secure websites use to verify the identity of the organization and vouch for the authenticity of the website
a digital certificate
business transactions on an electronic network such as the Internet
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce
Example of B2C
Amazon
Example of C2C
Ebay
Example of B2B
Alibaba
Pros of e-commerce
Variety, Convenience, and Budget
Cons of e-commerce
Security, Fraud, and Indirect experience
B2B services include
advertising, technical support, and training
a team of people often need to review and make a purchasing decision. They usually have to follow company procedures, which can lengthen or complicate the transaction.
a B2B transaction
contains product descriptions, images, and a shopping cart to collect items you want to purchase
electronic storefront
purchasing any product or service at a B2C e-commerce website called
e-retail
small text files generated by a web server that act like a storage bin for the items you place in your shopping cart
cookie
use email forwarding, which hides real email identities, to connect buyer with seller and still protect everyone’s privacy
C2C site
If you sell an item on an auction (C2C) site you
pay a small fee to the site
a standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over the Internet.
3D Secure (provides an extra layer of security on a website)
Technology used to encrypt data that helps protect consumers and businesses from fraud and identity theft when conducting commerce on the Internet.
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
To provide an alternative to entering credit card information online, some shopping and auction websites let you use an online payment service
PayPal, Square Cash, Venmo, and Zelle.
The ability to find, evaluate, use, and communicate online information.
information literacy
A nonspecialized search engine designed to find general results; general search engines include Google, Bing, and Yahoo!
general search engine
Software that combs the web to find webpages and add new data about them to the database called
spiders or crawlers
Spiders or crawlers build an……… of terms and their locations.
index
finds online information based on criteria you specify or selections you make
Search tools
What include search engines and search boxes on webpages
Search tools
Another type od search tool which is an online guide to subjects or websites, usually arranged in alphabetic order
a web directory, or subject directory
Instead of using an index created by digital spiders, a human editor creates it, selecting categories that make sense for the information.
web directories
concentrate on specific resources, such as scholarly journals or the United States Congress
Specialized search tools
A list of matched results from an Internet search.
hits
A right that indicates when you can use, share, or modify the images you find online.
usage rights
You can refine a web search by using
Which are characters, words, or symbols that focus the search
by using search operators, also called Boolean operators
Find webpages with the exact words in the same order
“ ” (quotation marks)
OR
| (vertical bar)
(vertical bar)
NOT
- (hyphen)
Wildcard (placeholder for any number of characters)
*
Find webpages within a range of numbers
..
special terms followed by a colon ( : )
advanced search operators (e.q site: means to search only the specified site, as in site: www.cengage.com sam, which finds information about SAM)
the base of a word. For example, instead of using businesses as a keyword, use business. You can also combine the word stem with an asterisk (), as in tech to find technology, technician, and technique.
Word stem
A search engine that lets you search databases, news providers, podcasts, and other online information sources that general search engines do not always access.
specialty search engine
Answers factual questions directly, without listing webpages that might contain the answer
Wolfram Alpha
Finds videos or other multimedia; uses speech recognition to match the audio part of a video with your search term
RhythmOne
Connects you to librarians at the Library of Congress and other libraries; allows you to engage in an online chat or submit your question in an online form
Ask a Librarian
Does a reverse search for submitted images, rather than keywords, to locate the original image and match it with other indexed images
TinEye
One way to evaluate a webpage is to use the
CARS checklist and determine whether the online information is credible, accurate, reasonable, and supportable
Identify the author of the webpage and check their credentials. Read biographical information. Use a search engine such as Google or LinkedIn.
Crediblity
Verify its facts and claims. Evaluate the information source. Find out more about an organization that has no history, physical location, or staff. Check to see if the source has a bias. Check the webpage footer for the date the information was published or updated.
Accuracy
Identify the purpose of the webpage. Evaluate whether the webpage offers more than one point of view. Emotional, persuasive, or biased language. Look for a conflict of interest.
Reasonableness
Look for links or citations to reputable sources or authorities. Check other webpages and print material on the topic to see if they cite the same sources. Look for quotations from experts. For photos or other reproduced content, a credit line should appear somewhere on the page.
Support
Legal rights protecting those who create works such as photos, art, writing, inventions, and music.
intellectual property rights
An originator’s exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell intellectual property.
Copyright
which are techniques such as authentication, copy protection, or encryption that limit access to proprietary materials (e-books, newspapers, magazines, and journals use it)
digital rights management (DRM)
An item, such as a photo, that is available and accessible to the public without requiring permission to use, and therefore not subject to copyright.
public domain
Allows you to use a sentence or paragraph of text without permission if you include a citation to the original source.
fair use doctrine
A nonprofit organization that makes it easy for content creators to license and share their work by supplying easy-to-understand copyright licenses; the creator chooses the conditions under which the work can be used.
Creative Commons (CC)
citation styles
MLA, APA, or Chicago.
using the work or ideas of someone else and claiming them as your own.
plagiarism
