Digital Media Flashcards
Content you create, produce, and distribute in digital, or computer-readable, form, such as photos, audio, video, and virtual reality
Digital media
Major types of digital media
Graphics, animation, video, audio, and virtual reality
A picture, shape, design, graph or chart, diagram, or video.
Graphic
An image you can see, store, and manipulate on a digital device.
Digital graphic
can be as simple as a line drawing or as complex as a 3-D illustration
A series of images displayed in sequence to create the illusion of movement. Hint: you can use digital media to creat it
animation
Each still image is called
a frame
Instead of storing moving images, it stores data about the color and brightness of each frame
a digital animation
You typically create an animation by
drawing illustrations
Sound that is recorded and stored as computer data
digital audio
A computer-simulated, 3-D environment that you can explore and manipulate, attempts to remove the barrier between the viewer and the media
Virtual reality (VR)
With special headsets to display 3-D images that create the illusion of limitless space and depth, it immerses you in an artificial world
VR
A machine that reads or produces physical signals in their original form, such as cameras, musical instruments, and video projectors
Analog devices
It captures sound waves directly from a guitar or singer, and then plays the sound waves through an analog speaker, what it is?
Analog device
A machine that reads and produces digital, or binary, data, such as computers.
Digital devices
It turns the sound it captures into numbers representing tones, and then generates an electronic signal based on those numbers, what it is?
A digital recorder (digital device)
Digital media translates ……. into …… so that anyone with a computer can create, edit, and play the media.
analog data / digital data
Converting analog data to digital data is called
digitizing the data
Changing the data into a form that computers and other digital devices can use
Which means you no longer have to be a talented artist to produce professional-quality audio and video
digitizing the data
A process that converts the analog sound waves into digital sound
sampling
It breaks the sound wave into separate segments, or samples, and stores each sample numerically. The more samples taken per second, the higher the sound quality and the larger the file
Sampling software
The quality of an audio file is also determined by its
bit rate
It is the number of bits of data processed every second
bit rate
Bit rates are usually measured as
kilobits per second (kbps)
Assign colors to the smallest picture elements, called pixels
Bitmap graphics or raster graphics
It stores the color value for each pixel, such as 00 for black and 11 for white
Bitmap graphics or raster graphics
Consist of shapes, curves, lines, and text created by mathematical formulas
Vector graphics
It contain instructions that define the shape, size, position, and color of each object in an image
Vector graphics
Refers to the clarity or sharpness of an image: the higher it is, the sharper the image and the larger the file size
Resolution
Means image quality deteriorates as their dimensions increase
resolution dependent
Bitmap graphics are resolution dependent
Unlike bitmaps, they keep the same quality as their dimensions change
Vector images
On a digital camera, resolution is typically measured in
megapixels, or millions of pixels
Can be difficult to copy, download, or send as email attachments, due to their large file size
high-resolution photos and other complicated graphics
Makes digital media files smaller by reducing the amount of data in the files
Compression
Some types of bitmap graphics (JPEG files) use
lossy compression
It discards some of the original file data during compression. You usually don’t notice the “lost” data
lossy compression
Media files (TIF, PNG, and GIF) can be compressed using
lossless compression
Reduces the file size for storage
lossless compression
The organization and layout of data in a file
File format
file name extension usually reflects the file format
Determines which programs or devices you can use to open or edit the file
File format
It is best use for simple web graphics and short web animations
Format is limited to 256 colors; supports transparency; small file size makes it good for websites
.gif (Graphics Interchange Format)
Bitmap graphics
It is best use for photos on the web
Images have rich colors, but discard some data to reduce file size, which can affect quality
.jpeg or .jpg (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Bitmap graphics
It is best use for logos, icons, and illustrations
Images have good quality even when highly compressed; supports 16 million colors; better quality and smaller file size than GIF
.png (Portable Network Graphics)
Bitmap graphics
It is best use for high-quality photos and printed graphics
Large file size is better suited for print than web use
.tif or .tiff (Tagged Image File Format)
Bitmap graphics
It is best use for logos and other illustrations that are frequently resized
A standard format for exporting vector graphics without data loss
.eps (Encapsulated PostScript)
Vector graphics
It is best use for Illustrations on the web
Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); allows interactivity and animation
.svg (Scalable Vector Graphics)
Vector graphics
What file extension Apple uses for iTunes downloads? What its compression?
.aac and .m4p / Lossy
What are the file extensions that are large; good to excellent sound quality? What its compression?
.aiff or .aif and .wav / None
What are the common file formats for music and audio books? What its compression?
.mp3 / Lossy
What file extensions that are played using Windows Media Player; also copy-protected?
.wma / Lossless
What should you do first if you want to capture and edit pure audio
Choose uncompressed audio files, and then save them in a compressed format.
lose data when they are compressed with lossy compression, giving up quality and fidelity for file size.
Audio files
They have good audio quality and smaller file sizes than uncompressed audio files, but still larger than files with lossy compression
Audio files with lossless compression
What are the two parts of digital video files?
a codec and a container
(short for compressor/decompressor) is software that encodes and usually compresses data for storage and then decompresses the data for playback.
A codec
Video files typically use
lossy compression
bundles the video, audio, codec, and other parts such as subtitles into a single package
A video container
It is best use for commercial video production? What is compatible with?
Provides the highest video quality at the expense of file size
DivX / AVI video container
It is best use for playing on playback devices or streaming services? What is compatible with?
Common, efficient codec; preferred for YouTube videos
H.264 / MP4 video container
It is best use for very high resolution videos? What is compatible with?
New video codec; also called HEVC
H.265 / MP4 video container
It is best use for DVDs, Blu-ray discs, professional-grade cameras? What is compatible with?
Not used for streaming services
MPEG-2 / MP4 and Quicktime containers
It is best use for online streaming services? What is compatible with?
Common codec providing good quality
MPEG-4 / Wide range of compatibility
It is best use for videos to store on a computer? What is the file size and quality?
One of the oldest and most accepted formats
.avi / Larger than others
It is nearly universal? What is the file size and quality?
Websites such as YouTube and Vimeo prefer MP4 files
.mp4 / relatively small files and high quality
It is best use for playback on Apple devices? What is the file size and quality?
Developed by Apple
.mov (Quicktime) / large files with high quality
It is best use for sharing with others and posting on the web? What is the file size and quality?
Developed by Microsoft
.wmv (Windows Media) / small file size with reduced quality
Resolutions of 640 × 360 and 720 × 480
Standard Definition (SD)
Resolutions of 1280 × 720 (called 720p) and 1920 × 1080 (called 1080p or Full HD)
High Definition (HD)
The 4K standard provides a resolution of 3840 × 2160 (called 2160p), while the 8K standard provides a resolution of 7840 × 4320 (called 4320p)
Ultra High Definition (UHD)
Is 16 times larger than a Full HD video
An 8K video file
If you want to watch a 4K video on a 720p display screen, your computer or TV will
converts the high-resolution video to 720p
An animation technique using a sequence of images, in which one or more objects are changed slightly between each image
in-betweening or tweening
requires 24 frames per second (fps)
A 2-D animated video
Unlike 2-D objects, it have volume and can rotate 360 degrees, making them more lifelike.
3-D objects
It displays 24–60 fps
3-D animation
You creat a solid 3-D image by applying highlights and shadows to a/n
wireframe drawing
The process of applying highlights and shadows to creat solid 3-D image is called
3-D rendering
To make the 3-d object move, you set its starting position in a location on the animation timeline that marks the beginning of the movement, which called
a keyframe
A type of animation where animators move real-life objects through a sequence of poses and capture the movements one frame at a time.
stop motion animation
Provides clear, simple expressions of concepts and stories
2-D animation
Provides more immersive, dynamic experience.
3-D animation
A meeting among several geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data
video consoles or a web conference
Hardware that allows you to play video games; examples include Xbox, Nintendo Wii, and Sony PlayStation.
game console
Hardware necessary for playing virtual reality games.
VR gaming system
What headset such as the HTC Vive, the Oculus Rift, or the Oculus Go, controllers, and sensors do?
Track your movements
VR consoles that you can use instead of a PC
The Oculus Quest and PlayStation VR
A hybrid of virtual reality and augmented reality, simulations that let you see the real world while interacting with realistic virtual objects. HINT: The experience when using HoloLens headsets
mixed reality
HoloLens headsets use a projected image that appears three-dimensional, which called
holograms
Allow you to superimpose virtual objects and characters onto scanned images of real objects in the room, and then interact with the virtual and real objects.
holograms
Many of the games on computers, tablets, or smartphones use
2-D animation
Doctors can practice their fine motor skills on surgery simulators using
motion-sensing game consoles
Allow you to interact with the system through body movements
motion-sensing game consoles
Were the first to popularize augmented reality (AR)
Mobile games
Integrates visual and audio game content with your environment and often requires a separate room to create an immersive experience. HINT: Pokémon Go
Augmented reality gaming
An environment simulated by virtual reality software to appear as a real or imagined 3-D space, 360-degree environment.
VR or Virtual world
Unlike augmented reality, virtual world replaces real-world Paris. True or false
True
If you are visiting a virtual version of Paris and enter a café, the sights and sounds in the virtual world do not change as you move. True or false
False
Like augmented reality, mixed reality maintains a connection to the physical world. True or false
True
What is the goal of mixed reality?
to produce an environment where physical and digital objects interact
Can teach medical students a procedure or novice pilots how to maneuver through bad weather
Animations (Simulations)
A sophisticated computer animation that is useful for training and teaching in many fields, particularly in areas in which learning can be dangerous or difficult.
Simulations
Transitions are type of
Animations
Can became a target for malware developers
Adobe Flash because it required users to download a plug-in
Features high-quality playback without the need for additional plug-in software, and is the standard for web animation development, what it is?
HTML 5
has been replaced by Adobe Animate CC, which incorporates HTML 5
Adobe Flash
is done during the production phase, while the film is being shot, and then incorporated into the final footage.
3-D animation in films
Animation produced as you watch or play a game.
real-time animation
At 60 frames per second, your computer must handle more than 1 billion bits of information every second to display a 3-D image. To play 3-D animations games you need a computer with
a powerful processor
to transfer a picture from the Internet to your computer and add it to you document you need to
download it
A website that maintains an inventory of photographs and other graphics and makes them available for download with a fee
stock photo galleries
A search engine tool that lets you search for pictures that you can use, share, or even modify for personal or commercial use.
license filter
In fields such as manufacturing, interior design, and architecture, people use ……. to bring their products or designs to life.
computer-aided technology
Applications used by architects, scientists, designers, engineers, and others to create highly detailed and technically accurate drawings that can be shared, modified, and enhanced with speed and accuracy.
computer-aided design (CAD) software
Applications used by engineers and scientists to create wireframe drawings of objects, which they can rotate to view from multiple angles.
3-D CAD software
Uses artificial intelligence (AI) to help automate design tasks, such as creating precise shapes. In broad terms, AI lets computers perform tasks that require human-level intelligence.
CAD
A branch of AI that uses statistics to help machines learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions to progressively improve their performance without much human intervention.
Machine learning
Help engineers to discover quicker production methods, evaluate the results of using different materials or changing a product’s features, and produce design options based on goals and constraints.
CAD software with built-in machine learning tools
