Operating Systems and File Management Flashcards
Microsoft Office file extensions
.docx (Word), .xlsx (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint)
Text file extensions
.txt, .rtf
Webpage file extensions
.htm or .html, .xml, .asp or .aspx, .css
Graphics file extensions
.jpg, .png, .tif
A library
is a special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device.
A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Operating systems also provide …………., which enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device.
Utilities
What tool do you use to manage files, compress and back up files, search for content or programs, view images, install and uninstall programs and apps, and maintain the computer or device?
Utilities
Screen savers are a type of
Utilities
Software that is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee. Instead of releasing a new complete version, the company will provide updates to its subscribers (fixes for issues or additional functionality).
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Which operating system would allow a user to add functionality and sell or give away their versions?
Linux (it has a General Public License GPL)
Operating systems are available for: desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets.
Windows and Linux
Keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create.
Closed source OS (e.q Microsoft Windows and macOS)
Programs and apps (including operating systems) have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution.
Open source OS (e.q Linux)
Software that runs a computer, including the operating system and utilities
System software
A program that manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it.
An operating system (OS)
A multiuser operating system because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers.
A server operating system
The practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network.
Virtualization
It includes advanced security tools and a set of programs called Internet Information Services that manage web apps and services. What is this server OS?
Windows server
Supports all sizes of networks and servers. What is this server OS?
macOS server
Developed by Google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones and tablets
Android
Runs only on Apple devices.
iOS
Which operating system is multitasking with many versions and is licensed to different developers?
UNIX and many web servers use it (available for most computers and devices)
You interact with an OS when…
start programs, manage files, get help, customize the user interface, and work with hardware.
What is the OS responsible for?
It is the go-between you and the computer—it accepts instructions and data, and provides information from the system to you.
What is the basic storage unit in Memory?
Byte
Where data store frequently used instructions
Cashe (temporary storage area)
The capability of an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be “swapped” into RAM
Virtual memory (swap file)
The amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time
A page
The technique of swapping items between memory and storage
Paging
When an operating system spends more of its time paging instead of executing apps, the whole system slows down and it is said to be
Thrashing
Many peripheral devices, such as printers, contain: ROM or RAM
ROM
Before you can interact with the operating system, the computer or device goes through the
boot process
What steps does the boot process includes:
- Receives power and sends it to the circuitry.
- Run the bootstrap program.
- Loads the operating system files into RAM, including the kernel.
- Loads the system configuration information, prompts you for user verification if necessary, and loads all startup programs, such as antivirus programs or apps.
Executes a series of tests to check the components, including the RAM, keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices and checks their settings.
Bootstrap program
The core of an operating system. It manages memory, runs programs, and assigns resources.
kernel
What starts automatically when you turn on your device?
Operating system OS and the Boot process
Examples of input devices:
Card readers and data collection devices, game controllers and motion input devices, (headset with) microphones, webcams, Scanners, and touch pads or a mouse
Examples of output devices:
Screen displays, printers, and speakers
An area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device.
buffer
Placing data into a buffer is called
spooling
When a document is sent to the buffer while it waits for the printer to be available, this example is for?
spooling
Creating links to files and apps is called
Shortcuts (allows you to access the object from the desktop without going through a file manager)
Pointing devices include:
A mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, on-screen touch pointer, tablet, or for touch-enabled devices, your hand or finger.
Reduces a window to its last non-maximized size
Restore Down button
The window you are currently using, which appears in front of any other open windows
Active window
Displays a running program
A program window
Displays the contents of a folder (drive or device)
Folder window
The components required to perform work, such as the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices.
(OS) resources
Finds and removes unnecessary files, such as temporary Internet files or files in the Recycle Bin.
Disk cleanup utility
Gives you an overview of stored files and lets you open, rename, delete, move, and copy files and folders
File management
Finds files that meet criteria you specify, such as characters in a file name, or the saved date
Search tool
Reduces the size of a file to take up less storage space; compressed files often have a .zip file extension and need to be decompressed or unzipped before they can be opened
File compression
Collection of utility programs that determine how Windows appears and performs on your computer
Control Panel
contains touch-friendly categories of the most commonly used Windows settings; more advanced settings are found in the Control Panel.
Setting app
A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object; the commands on it are related to the item you right-clicked.
Shortcut menu
Enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed.
Virtual machine
What should you use if you have an app that is incompatible with your current operating system?
A virtual machine
The virtual machine runs separately in a section of the hard disk called
A partition (you can only access one partition of a hard disk at a time)
What do you need to run a virtual machine?
1) A designed program or app to manage virtual machines.
2) Access to installation files for the OS you want to run on the virtual machine..
Identify the resources, such as apps and storage locations, a user can access when working with the computer.
User account
Protect your computer against unauthorized access
User account
Includes information such as the user name or ID, and a password
User account
Provides full access to the computer
An administrator account
What responsibilities does an administrator account have?
Installing programs and apps, adjusting security settings, and managing network access.
Before you share or transfer files or folders you often need to?
Compress (or zip) files and folders
Before you can open and edit a compressed file, you need to?
Extract or uncompress it
A storage area located on a server that you access through the Internet or a network
cloud
File properties include:
File name, location, size, type, when it was created, modified, and last accessed
A temporary Windows storage area that holds the selections you copy or cut so you can use them later.
Clipboard
