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Spot Test 2- Lower Limb > The Vertebral Column > Flashcards

The Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Spinal Nerves leave the spinal column?

A

Intervertebral Foramen (formed between Superior and Inferior Vertebral notches)

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2
Q

Features of a typical cervical vertebrae?

A

Small Body with elevated uncus

Transverse Process & pedicle with tubercles

Bifid Spinous Process

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3
Q

Which cervical vertebrae have Transverse Foramina (for Vertebral As)?

A

C1-C6

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4
Q

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae

A

C1 (Atlas)

C2(Axis)

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5
Q

Between which two vertebrae is there no Intervertebral Disc?

A

C1&C2

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6
Q

Which cervical vertebrae is the point of articulation of the head, and the strongest cervical vertebrae?

A

C2

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7
Q

Features of C1 (Axis)

A

No Body

No Spinous Process

Anterior/Posterior arches with tubercles and lateral mass

Tubercles for Transverse ligament

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8
Q

Features of C2 (Atlas)

A

Body with Dens (odointoid process)

Large superior articular facets

Dens held in place by transverse ligament

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9
Q

Why are Cervical Vertebrae more prone to dislocation than Thoracic/Lumbar?

A

Relatively flat articular facets

Doesn’t necessarily compress spinal cord (foramen wide)

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10
Q

Causes of Dens Fracture

A

Hyperextension/ Hyperflexion

As dens is less dense

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11
Q

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae:

A

Heart Shaped Body with Superior/Inferior costal-demi facets

Long Spinous Process

Transverse Process with facet for rib articulation

Superior articular facet faces posteriorly

Inferior articular facet faces anteriorly

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12
Q

Typical Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Large Body

Superior Articular Facet faces medially

Inferior Articular Facet faces laterally

Short, sturdy spinous process

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13
Q

Features of Sacrum/Coccyx

A

Anterior and Posterior Sacral Foramina

Median Crest

Apex

Sacral Hiatus and cornua

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14
Q

Name of Joint between Superior and Inferior Articular Facets?

A

Zygapophysial Joint

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15
Q

Outer Part of an Intervertebral Disc?

A

Annulus Fibrosis

Fibrocartilage Ring

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16
Q

Inner Part of a Intervertebral Disc?

A

Nucleus Pulposus

Gelatinous substance, acts as a shock absorber

17
Q

Ligament binding lamina of adjacent vertebrae

A

Ligamentum Flavum

18
Q

Ligament running on posterior vertebral bodies, C2-Sacrum

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

19
Q

Which ligament prevents posterior herniation of IV discs, and resists hyperflexion

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

20
Q

Ligament running from Occipital Bone/C1 to Sacrum

A

Anterior Longitudinal ligament

21
Q

Which is the only ligament to resist Hyperextension

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

22
Q

Ligament running between transverse processes

A

Intertransverse Ligament

23
Q

Ligament running down ends of Spinous Processes

A

Supraspinous Ligament

24
Q

Ligament running between spinous processes

A

Interspinous ligament

25
Q

Common pathology in whiplash

A

Tearing of Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, avulsion of vertebral body, spinal cord compression

26
Q

Movement of vertebral column

A

Flexion/Extension
Lateral Flexion
Rotation

27
Q

Primary Curvatures of Spine

A

Thoracic Kyphosis
Sacral Kyphosis

Curve forwards

28
Q

Secondary Curvatures of Spine

A

Cervical Lordosis
Lumbar Lordosis

Curve backwards

29
Q

Other name for Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus

A

Slipped disc

30
Q

Common vertebral level affected by slipped disc

A

L4/L5 or L5/S1

31
Q

Severe side effects of nucleus pulposus herniation

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Sciatica

32
Q

Ligament running from External Occipital Protuberance to C7 Spinous Process

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

33
Q

Ligament from Neck of Rib to Transverse Process of rib above

A

Superior Costotransverse Ligament

Spot Test 2- Lower Limb (19 decks)

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