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Spot Test 2- Lower Limb > The Knee Joint > Flashcards

The Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of Joint is the Knee

A

Synovial Hinge Joint

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2
Q

Bones of the Knee joint

A

Distal Femur
Proximal Tibia

(Patella)
(Fibula: not associated with knee joint- mainly just for muscle attachments)

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3
Q

Articulations at the knee

A

Medial Femorotibial
Lateral Femorotibial
Femoropatellar

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4
Q

Movements of the knee

A

Extension
Flexion
Medial/Lateral Rotation

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5
Q

When can knee rotation only occur

A

When knee is flexed and collateral ligaments are relaxed

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6
Q

Why is knee flexion not as strong when the hip is extended

A

Loss of tension of Hamstrings

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7
Q

Locking of the Knee

A

Femur rotates MEDIALLY when approaching full extension

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8
Q

Unlocking of the Knee

A

Popliteus LATERALLY rotates femur

Can’t flex the knee without first unlocking

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9
Q

Why is the knee least congruent in flexion

A

Round Femoral Condyles provide less contact upon the Tibial Plateau

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10
Q

Functions of the Menisci

A

Increase Joint Congruity (negligible)
Evenly distribute weight
Shock Absorption
Assist in Knee Locking

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11
Q

Which meniscus is attached to its collateral ligament

A

MEDIAL meniscus is attached to TIBIAL collateral ligament

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12
Q

Causes of a Meniscal Tear

A

Sports Injury

Degenerative Changes e.g Osteoarthritis

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13
Q

Symptoms of a meniscal tear

A

Locking of knee
Pain during movement
Reduced movement

As menisci may become trapped in joint

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14
Q

Repair of Meniscal tear

A

Repair or Resection is limited due to poor blood supply

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15
Q

Intra-articular ligaments

A

ACL and PCL

Inside the joint capsule

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16
Q

Extra-articular ligaments

A

Medial / Lateral (Tibial/Fibular) Collateral Ligaments

17
Q

Origin/ Insertion of ACL

A

Anterior Intercondyle

->

Lateral Femoral Condyle

18
Q

Function of ACL

A

Prevents Hyperextension/ Anterior displacement of tibia on femur

19
Q

Injury to ACL

A

Hyperextension (anterior force)

20
Q

Origin/Insertion of PCL

A

Posterior Intercondyle

->

Medial Femoral Condyle

21
Q

Function of PCL

A

Prevents Hyperflexion/ Posterior displacement of tibia on femur

22
Q

Injury to PCL

A

Landing on Tibial Tuberosity with a flexed knee

23
Q

Which cruciate ligament is strongest?

A

PCL- main stabiliser of flexed knee e.g. walking downhill

24
Q

Features/ attachments of Fibular/Lateral Collateral Ligament

A

Flat band, not attached to meniscus

Lateral Femoral Epicondyle

->

Head of Fibula

25
Q

Function of LCL

A

Prevents Abduction and rotation during knee extension

26
Q

Features/ attachments of Tibial/Medial Collateral Ligament

A

Cord like band, attached to medial meniscus

Medial Femoral Epicondyle

->

Medial Tibial Condyle

27
Q

Function of MCL

A

Prevents adduction and rotation during knee extension

28
Q

What is the Unhappy Triad

A

ACL Tear
MCL Tear
Medial Meniscus tear

Common when flexed knee is excessively laterally rotated

29
Q

Bursae of the Knee

A

Prepatellar Bursa
Suprapatellar Bursa
Deep Infrapatellar Bursa
Superficial Infrapatellar Bursa

30
Q

Muscles stabilising the patella

A

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius pull laterally

Vastus Medialis pulls medially and obliquely

Lip on Lateral Femoral Condyle

31
Q

Why are patellar dislocations more common in females

A

Greater Q angle (wider and more shallow pelvis)

32
Q

What is genu varum

A

Bow knee; Increased Q angle

Tibia adducted relative to femur

33
Q

What is genu valgum

A

Knock knee; Decreased Q-Angle

Tibia abducted relative to femur

34
Q

Changes in osteoarthritis

A

Reduced Joint Space
Osteophytes (abnormal bone remodelling)
Sclerosis (abnormal bone density)

Spot Test 2- Lower Limb (19 decks)

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