The Vascular System Flashcards
What composes the vascular system
- blood
- systemic circulation
- pulmonary circulation
- lymphocytes
- lymphatic circulation
What is the quantity of blood in the cardiovascular system
Ca 5L
Describe the arterial blood
Blood living the heart
Bright red
High oxygen content
Describe veinous blood
Blood returning to heart
Dark red
Lower oxygen content
What is the composition of blood
- plasma (55%)
- red blood cells (45%)
- platelets (ca 1%)
- white blood cells (ca 1%)
What are the different types of white blood cells ?
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
- eoisnophiles
- neutrophiles
- basophils
What is the composition of plasma ?
Water, ions, proteins, gaz, nutrients, waste, hormones
Where is blood produced ?
In the bone marrow
What is the scientific name of red blood cell ?
Erythrocyte
What is the function of erythrocytes ?
Made of hemoglobin, erythrocytes contain iron and O2 molecules bind to iron
Each hemoglobin protein can attach to 4 02 molecules
Therefore erythrocytes pick up O2 from the lungs and deliver it to cells body
Then they pick up the CO2 from the cells and delivers it back to the lungs
What is the role of white blood cells ?
Scientifically named leucocytes
Part of the immune system
They navigate in the blood stream and the lymph
They are disease indicator 1% of blood volume
What is the role of platelets
Scientifically called thrombocytes
They are part of the cytoplasm
They don’t have a nucleus
They form blood clotting
List the types of blood vessels present in the body and their functions
Arteries : transport the blood away from heart
Arterioles : transport the blood away from artery to capillary
Capillaries : where exchanges of gaz and nutrients take place - connect arterioles to veinules
Veinules : transport blood from capillaries to veins
Veins: transport the blood from veinules to heart
Is the vascular resistance higher in veins or arteries ?
Arteries (thicker walls, closer to heart, more blood pressure)
What are the respective pressures of the cardiac output and veinous return ?
Cardiac output : 120 mmHg
Veinous return : 0 mmHg
What are the 3 layers present in blood vessels ?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
What is the main anatomical specificity of veins
They posses valves preventing back flow of blood during veinous return
What are the 3 vascular systems ?
- systemic circulation : loop from heart, rest of body and back to heart
- pulmonary circulation : loop heart - lungs- heart
- lymphatic system : lymph from interstitial fluid
What are the characteristics of systemic circulation ?
Loop heart - body - heart Causes the oxygenation of tissues High pressure system : 100 mmHg in average Must overcome the force of gravity Activated by the left side of the heart
What are the characteristics of pulmonary circulation ?
Pulmonary blood pressure is lower than systemic blood pressure
Normal pulmonary artery pressure is 8-10 mmHg at rest. If higher than 25 at rest or 30 during activity it’s pulmonary hypertension
Right ventricule is narrower and the distance between heart and lungs is shorter so right ventricule is not meant to resist high pressure.
What are the anatomical subdivisions of the aorta ?
Ascending aorta Aortic arch Descending aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta
What are the arteries coming out of the ascending aorta
Left and right coronary arteries
What are the arteries coming out of the aortic arch ?
- Brachiocephalic artery (then dividing into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery)
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
What is the location of the aortic arch ?
The superior mediastinum
Level of the lower border of T4
What are the features of descending aorta ?
Location : inferior posterior mediastinum down to lower border of T12 Associated vessels : Thoracic aorta supplying : —> Intercostal arteries —> Subcostal arteries —> Phrenic arteries Abdominal aorta supplying : —> inferior phrenic arteries —> celiac trunk —> superior mesenteric arteries —> renal and gonadal arteries —>inferior mesenteric artery —> lumbar arteries —> common iliac arteries
What is the role of the lymphatic system ?
Supporting the cardio-vascular system by collecting, filtering and returning interstitial fluid back to the blood stream via a system of lymphatic vessels
What is the functional unit of the lymphatic system ?
The lymphangion : morphofunctional unit composed of epithelial cell and valves
What are the two anatomical subdivisions of the lymphatic system ?
The right lymphatic duct
The thoracic duct
What are the 2 lymphatic pathways ?
Lymph capillaries Lymph vessels Right lymphatic duct Right subclavian vein Superior veina cava
Lymph capillaries Lymph vessels Thoracic ducts Left subclavian vein Superior veina cava
