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Organs Systems Anatomy > The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

List the external genital organs

A
  • help by female perineum
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • clitoris
  • vestibule
  • vestibular glands
  • vestibular bulb p.24
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2
Q

List the female internal genital organs

A
  • vagina
  • cervix
  • uterus
  • Fallopian tubes
  • ovaries
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3
Q

Describe the mons pubis

A
  • subcutaneous adipose tissue anterior to the pubic symphysis
  • skin overlying the mons pubis is covered with ta triangular patch of pubic hair
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4
Q

What is the role of pubic hair ?

A

Protection against external bacterias

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5
Q

Describe the labia majora

A
  • two longitudinal skin folds covered with pubic hair
  • most lateral part of the vulva
  • extending from the mons pubis to the perineum
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6
Q

Describe the pudendal cleft

A
  • containing the labia minora and vestibule
  • merges anteriorly (anterior commissure) and posteriorly (posterior commissure)
  • homologous to scrotum in male
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7
Q

Describe the labial minora

A
  • thin and hairless skin folds found between the labia majora
  • surrounds the vaginal vestibule and its urethral and vaginal orifices
  • contributes to the formation of the prepuce and frenulum of the clitoris
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8
Q

Describe the clitoris

A
  • erectile organ
  • analogue to the male penis
  • located at the most superior part of the vulvar vestibule
  • surrounded by the anterior part of the labia minora
  • three parts : root body and glans - the body consists in two corpora cavernosa and two attachement points (crura)
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9
Q

Describe the vestibule (female genitals)

A
  • region between labia minora
  • contains the vaginal orifice, opening of the urethra, openings of the excretory ducts of the grater and lesser vestibular glands
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10
Q

Describe the vestibular glands

A
  • greater vestibular : Bartholin’s gland, homologous of bulbourethral gland in male - lubrication of the vulva
  • lesser vestibular : Skene or paraurethral gland : located between urethral and vaginal orifices : homologous to the male prostate
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11
Q

Describe the vestibular bulb (female genitals)

A
  • pair of subcutaneous erectile tissues analogous to the penile bulb and corpus spongiosum in male
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12
Q

What are the blood supplies of the external genitals ?

A
  • pudendal arteries
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13
Q

What is the innervation of the mons pubis and anterior labia ?

A
  • anterior labial nerves, which derives from the lumbar plexus
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14
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior aspect of the vulva ?

A

Pudendal nerve and its branches (posterior labial nerves) and branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve tight

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the clitoris ?

A

Dorsal nerve of the clitoris

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16
Q

Describe the vagina

A

Female internal genital organ
Fribromuscular tube composed of two walls, anterior (7,5 cm) and posterior (8-10 cm)
Extends postero superiorly from the vulva to the uterus
Roles ares : sexual intercourse, childbirth, menstruations

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17
Q

Describe the orientation of the vagina

A

Standing : upward-backward position forming 45° angle with the uterus
Lying : forming a 60° angle with uterus
The angle varies depending on the content of the bladder and colon

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18
Q

What are the anatomical relations of the vagina

A

Anterior : bladder and urethra
Posterior : recto uterine pouch, rectum and anal canal
Lateral : ureters, levatore ani muscle

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19
Q

What are the blood supplies of the vagina ?

A
  • Uterine and vaginal arteries, which are ramifications of the internal iliac artery
  • Vaginal venous plexus that drains into the internal iliac veins via the uterine vein
20
Q

Describe the innervation of the vagina

A
  • autonomic nervous system
  • parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves from utero vaginal nerves plexus
  • 1/5 : somatic innervation via the deep perineal nerve (branch of pudendal nerve)
21
Q

Describe the cervix

A
  • lower portion of the uterus
  • connects the vagina with the main body of the uterus
  • composed of two regions : ectocervix and endocervical canal
22
Q

What is the ectocervix ?

A

Portion of the cervix that porjects into the vagina with external os that marks the transition from ectocervix to the endocervical canal.

23
Q

What is the endocervical canal ?

A

More proximal and internal part of the cervix, with the internal os, where the endocervical canal ends and the uterine cavity begins.

24
Q

What are the main functions of the cervix ?

A
  • Facilitates the passage of sperm inside the uterine cavity via dilation of the external and internal os.
  • maintains sterility of the upper femal reproductive tract and protects against pathogens.
25
Q

What are the blood supplies of the cervix ?

A
  • Uterine artery

- via a plexus in the broad ligament that drains into the uterine veins

26
Q

What is the innervation of the cervix ?

A

Inferior nerve fibers of the uterovaginal plexus

27
Q

Describe the uterus

A
  • 8 cm long hollow muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate a growing fœtus
  • connects distally to the vagina and laterally to the Fallopian tubes.
  • composed of four main parts :
    Fundus
    Body
    Isthmus
    Cervix
28
Q

What are the possible positions for the uterus ?

A

In general, postero superior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

  • anterverted
  • anterflexed
29
Q

Name the 5 uterine ligaments

A
  • broad ligament : double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis
  • round ligament : extending from the uterine horns to the labia majora via the inguinal canal to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus
  • ovarian ligament : joins the ovaries to the uterus
  • cardinal ligament : extends from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls it contains the uterine artery and vein in addition to supporting the uterus
  • uterosacral ligament : extends form the cervix to the sacrum. It provides support to the uterus
30
Q

Which ligament attaches the sides of the uterus to the pelvis ?

A

The broad ligament

31
Q

Which ligament maintains the anteverted position of the uterus ?

A

The round ligament

32
Q

Which ligament joints the ovaries to the uterus ?

A

The ovarian ligament

33
Q

Which ligament attaches the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls ?

A

Cardinal ligament

34
Q

Which ligament extends from the cervix to the sacrum ?

A

The uterosacral ligament

35
Q

Which ligaments provide support to the uterus ?

A

Broad ligament
Cardinal ligament
Uterosacral ligament

36
Q

Which ligament contains the uterine artery and vein ?

A

The cardinal ligament

37
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus ?

A
  • Uterine artery

- Via a plexus in the broad ligament that drains into the uterine veins

38
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus ?

A
  • sympathetic nerve : uterovaginal plexus, comprises the anterior and intermediate parts of the inferior hypo gastric plexus
  • parasympathetic nerve : derived from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
  • the afferent fibers mostly ascend through the inferior hypogastric plexus to enter the spinal cord via T10-T12 and L1 nerve fibers
39
Q

Describe the Fallopian tubes

A 
Muscular J-shaped tubes found in the upper border of the broad ligament, extending laterally from the uterus opening in the abdominal cavity, near the ovaries.
Composed of 4 parts : 
- fimbriae 
- infundibulum 
- ampulla 
- isthmus
40
Q

What is the function of the Fallopian tubes ?

A

Assist in the transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

41
Q

What is the blood supply of the Fallopian tubes ?

A
  • uterine and ovarian arteries

- uterine and ovarian veins

42
Q

What is the innervation of the Fallopian tubes ?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation : nerve fibers from the ovarian and uterine (pelvic) plexus. Sensory afferent fibers run from T11 to L1.

43
Q

Define the ovaries

A

Female gonades undergoing different phases during a cycle. Paired, oval organs attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament of the uterus by the mesovarium.

44
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries ?

A

Reproductive function and hormonal regulation. They produce oocytes (female gamete) in preparation for fertilization. They produce sex steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH).

45
Q

Name the ligaments attached to the ovary

A

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Ligament of ovary

46
Q

What are the blood supply of the ovaries

A

Paired ovarian arteries, arising directly from the abdominal aorta and also contribution of the uterine arteries.
Paired ovarian veins :
- left ovarian veins drains into the left renal vein
- right ovarian veins drains directly into the inferior vena cava.

47
Q

What is the innervation of the ovaries ?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic from the ovarian and uterine (pelvic) plexus. Nerves reach the ovaries via the suspensory ligaments of the ovaries to enter the ovary at the hilium.

Organs Systems Anatomy (13 decks)

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