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Biology > The use and abuse of drugs > Flashcards

The use and abuse of drugs Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is a recreational drug?

A

A drug used for pleasure or social reasons

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1
Q

What is a drug?

A

A chemical that changes the chemistry of the body

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2
Q

What is a medical drug?

A

A drug used to treat pain or disease/illness

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3
Q

What is addiction?

A

When the chemistry in the body has changes so you need to take more and more of the drug to feel normal

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4
Q

What are withdrawal symptoms?

A

What can happen if you stop taking a drug you are addicted to. Headaches, sweating, shaking, irritability, nausea

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5
Q

What is a gateway drug?

A

A ‘soft’ drug that could lead to harder drugs. Cannabis -> heroin

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6
Q

What is thalidomide?

A

A drub prescribed to women to cure morning sickness but caused deformed limbs

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7
Q

What are the problems with alcohol?

A

Liver disease, kills brains cells, heart problems, drink driving, aggressive and anti-social behaviour, expensive, NHS costs, police

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8
Q

What are the problems with tobacco?

A

Lung cancer, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ,yellow nails and teeth, coughing, bad dental health, heart problems, passive smoking, bad smell, people judge you, expensive, NHS costs

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9
Q

What are the problems with cannabis?

A

Paranoia, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, poor diet, poor motivation-no job, criminal record-limited traveling, low self esteem, socially withdrawn, drug driving, expensive, NHS costs, gateway drug

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10
Q

Why do drugs need to be tested? (3 things)

A

See if the drug is effective, see if the drug is safe, make sure the correct dose is given

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11
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

Neither the doctor of the patient knows who is getting the real drug or the placebo

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12
Q

Why are double blind trials good?

A

Stops bias

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13
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A fake drug used in drug trials to make sure bias doesn’t affect the results

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14
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

When people think they are getting better even when they are not having the real treatment

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15
Q

What are the stages of drug trials?

A

Deciding an illness to treat (to make money), making thousands of possible drugs (most won’t work), testing on cells or tissues (checks whether they’re toxic), testing on animals (checks for side effects), testing on healthy volunteers (checks for side effects and correct dosage), testing on people with the disease (see if it is effective and which dose works best)

16
Q

What was thalidomide originally prescribed for?

A

Sleeping pill

17
Q

What is thalidomide now used to treat?

A

Leprosy

18
Q

Why didn’t the doctors know of the side effects of thalidomide?

A

The drug hadn’t been tested on pregnant animals

19
Q

How were people affected by the thalidomide tragedy?

A

Caring for a disabled child, bullying, some children were killed, some mothers committed suicide from guilt, high divorce rate due to strain on relationship, children had lack of independence

20
Q

What are statins?

A

A drug used to lower cholesterol

21
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed drug?

A

Statins

22
Q

What do statins do?

A

Slow the work of enzymes that create cholesterol. They also allow cholesterol that already exists to be digested

23
Q

Possible side effects of statins?

A

Increased chance of liver problems, acute kidney damage, a type of muscular damage, increased chance of a stroke if you’ve already had one

24
Q

Who takes statins?

A

People with a raised risk of cardiovascular disease

25
Q

What sports are anabolic steroids good for and what are the effects?

A

Weightlifting, American football. Stimulates muscles to grow bigger and stronger

26
Q

What sports are beta-blockers good for and what are the effects?

A

Snooker, darts, golf, archery. Reduces heart rate

27
Q

What sports are amphetamines good for and what are the effects?

A

Football, baseball. Increase alertness, energy and concentration

28
Q

What is toxicity?

A

How serious the side effects would be

Biology (5 decks)

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