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Biology > Keeping Healthy > Flashcards

Keeping Healthy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Exercising helps you burn off…

A

Calories

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1
Q

What does alcohol do?

A

Destroys the liver

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2
Q

What causes diabetes?

A

Fatty, sugary foods

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3
Q

What rots your teeth?

A

Sugary foods

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4
Q

What is malnourished?

A

When somebody is eating too little, too much, or the wrong proportions of certain nutrients. This can be caused by not having enough food or poor quality food

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5
Q

What is a metabolic rate?

A

The speed that your body uses energy to help you grow, repair etc. It will be high during exercise and low when you’re asleep

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6
Q

What are inherited factors?

A

Factors which have been passed down through your genes to give you certain characteristics

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7
Q

What does overweight mean?

A

When you have more body fat than you should for your height

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8
Q

Why do you need fat?

A

To help the immune system

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9
Q

What happens when you have too much fat?

A

Restricted movement and flexibility

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10
Q

What is obesity?

A

A medical condition when the body has too much body fat that it could have an effect on health. It can reduce life expectancy

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11
Q

How can you tell if someone is obese?

A

By looking at the BMI of the person

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12
Q

What is BMI?

A

Body mass index

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13
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A fat like substance in your body that can build up in your arteries and can slow or stop the blood from flowing

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14
Q

How is cholesterol produced?

A

You can consume it from some foods and it is made by the liver

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15
Q

Why is cholesterol important?

A

It is important to the body cell membranes and to the production of hormones, it also acts as insulation for your nerves

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16
Q

What are carbohydrates fats and proteins used for?

A

To release energy and build cells

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17
Q

Why are mineral ions and vitamins needed?

A

To keep the body healthy

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18
Q

What kind of energy is stored in food?

A

Chemical energy

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19
Q

Which of food has the most energy in it?

A

Fatty foods

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20
Q

Why is BMI used?

A

To tell if people are the right weight for their height

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21
Q

Why do men have a higher metabolic rate than woman?

A

They have a higher muscle to fat ratio

22
Q

How do you increase your metabolic rate?

A

Do more exercise

23
Q

What is your basic metabolic rate affected by?

A

Genetic factors you inherited from your parents

24
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Disease causing microorganisms

25
Q

What are symptoms?

A

The physical effects of having an infection

26
Q

What are toxins?

A

Poisons the bacteria and some viruses make

27
Q

What are viruses?

A

Micro organism that takes over your body cells and reproduces rapidly

28
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Single-celled organisms that reproduce rapidly. Some are useful and some are disease causing

29
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

Very small organisms that can be seen under a microscope

30
Q

What does reproduce mean?

A

When an organism increases in number

31
Q

What does the primary defence hair follicles do?

A

The glands make anti septic oil

32
Q

What does the primary defence tears do?

A

Kills bacteria, antiseptic, contains enzymes which cut pathogens, when you blink it spreads

33
Q

What does the primary defence skin do?

A

Shields, rapidly repairs

34
Q

What does the primary defence blood clots do?

A

Scabs form, get inflammation

35
Q

What does the primary defence tonsils do?

A

Kills pathogens

36
Q

What does the primary defence hydrochloric acid do?

A

Dissolves membranes, kills germs, PH2

37
Q

What does the primary defence mucus do?

A

Traps germs

38
Q

What does the primary defence ear wax do?

A

Traps bacteria

39
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

They enter your body and split in two

40
Q

How can bacteria harm your body?

A

They produce toxins which can affect your body and sometimes directly damage your cells

41
Q

What shape are viruses?

A

Usually have regular shapes

42
Q

Where can they cause disease?

A

In every type of living organism

43
Q

How do viruses harm your body?

A

They enter your body past the primary defences and take over human cells and reproduce, destroying cells. They make toxins

44
Q

What is droplet infection?

A

Somebody sneezes and micro organisms go into the air

45
Q

What is direct contact?

A

Somebody coughs or sneezes on the hand and then shakes your hands

46
Q

What is contaminated food and drink?

A

Food that is out of date or it has been stored or cooked incorrectly

47
Q

How do you get infected through a cut in your skin?

A

There is an open wound and micro organisms get inside and infect the wound

48
Q

List information on Semmelweis

A

He had paranoia. He believed disease was spread by doctors and midwives and medical students because they had blood on their hands. He encouraged washing hands to remove pathogens. He died of blood poisoning two weeks after going into a mental asylum.

49
Q

Explain ingesting microorganisms

A

The phagocyte white blood cell, which contains enzymes to digest bacterium, has five nucleuses. It engulfs the bacterium

50
Q

Explain producing antibodies

A

The lymphocyte white blood cell produces antibodies. The bacteria produces antigens. The antibody attaches itself to the antigen if it is the right shape as the shapes need to complement each other

51
Q

Explain producing antitoxins

A

The lymphocyte white blood cell produces antitoxin molecules. The bacterium produces toxin molecules. The toxin and the antitoxin join together

52
Q

How are superbugs formed?

A

When you take antibiotics the bacteria is killed apart from some which have developed to resist antibodies. they have a natural mutation which is a change in genetic material and that means they are not affected

53
Q

How does natural mutation happen?

A

It happens by chance and by doing this it creates new types of bacteria by natural selection

Biology (5 decks)

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