THE USA Flashcards
How many immigrants living in the USA in 2013
41.3 million
13% of the total population
this incudledes 78 nationalties
main contrubuters to immgration in USA
-MEXICO
-INDIA
-CHINA
-PHILLIPINES
TREND
there was been rapid growth in the number of immigrants entering the USA in the 21st centry but there are recent signs that the rates are slowing.
reasons for attarctivness to the USA
-positive immigration policy and the poiibility of obtaning a green card which then allows permnent residence
-employment opportunity for high and low skilled workers
- wadge diffrneces and the opportunity to send remmitances
- educational oportunities to acsess other services such as health
- importance of family reunitfcation
-policy of regugee admissions
migration policys in the USA
The immigration and naturalisation act is the body of law which governs current immigration policy this allows annual worldwide limit of 65,000 permanent immigrants there are also separate numbers of refugee admissions the US immigration policy is based on the following principles
-reunifcation of familys, 480,000 vias are avaliabe per year for familys members to join and obtain citazinships
-140,000 pieces available for highly skilled worker is normally sponsored by an employee perk specific job offer
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protecting refugees the number of administrations is decided each year in 2013 the ceiling was 70,000
-the diversity immigration Visa program makes 50,000 immigrant visas annually done by random selection of individuals from countries with low rates of immigration to the USA in 2014 these went mostly to African countries
-humanitarian relief temporary visas are available each year for relief from natural disasters and ongoing and conflict
inderpendece with countries linked to the USA by migration
In 20 13 over11 .5 million Mexicans lived in the US and 1 million Americans lived in Mexico so there is a large growing social and cultural connectivity
- low skilled Mexicans, many illegal contribute to the US economy by working in agriculture construction and low-paid services wages are much higher than in Mexico providing opportunity for remittances which by formal channels amounted to 22 US billion dollars
- since the formation of NAFTA bilateral trade between the USA and Mexico has grown significantly the Mexican industry has benefited e.g. development of aerospace and IT sectors has been most boosted mainly by FDI (forigen direct investment) from the USA.
-political power remains in balance but increasingly there have been coordination and cooperation over issues in common these include border security the drug trade human trafficking and environmental issues such as water scarcity
Opportunities created by USA international migration
- immigration populations may take the low-paid jobs which Native Americans may find unattractive
-USA immigration policy also aims to attract highly skilled and well qualified professionals in 2013 the main employment of immigrants both from China and India was in the business and science sector.
-most immigrants into the USA are in the young working age group contributing economically through taxes and social benefits in the country where crude birth rate has declined in the population is aging
-immigrants or consumers themselves which helps job creation and business start-up and also generates wealth
Challenges created by USA international migration
-11. Five unauthorised immigrants live in the USA many migrants from other Latin American countries are attempting to cross by the land route using Mexico’s a transit company the US Department of Homeland Security has tightened its border controll
-there has been an even progress in the integrations of immigrant groups in the US society factors such as language, social economic attainment, political participation ,residential location and social interactions have been a barrier to social cohesion and feel economical and political integration.
-where immigration populations are particularly concentrated on numerous supply of resources and services has become an issue including the demand for water supply in southern California.
independence between the USA and Mexico?
Low skilled Mexicans contribute to the US economy by working agriculture and construction providing opportunity for remittances. Bilateral trade has grown significantly between the USA and Mexico.
-political power relations remaining balance but increasingly there has been coordination and cooperation over issues such as border security drug trade human trafficking and environmental issues such as water scarcity.
