Laos

Question 1

WHERE?

Answer 1

landlocked, located in the southeast of asia, home to 6.8 million people

Question 2

is the country rich or poor?

Answer 2

laos is a poor counrty with a GDP per capita of $1,660 in 2014
73% of employment is in agriculture

Question 3

capitalist or communist?

Answer 3

communist state however it’s been a member of ASEAN since 1997 and has increasingly encouraged private enterprise.

Question 4

net migration loss?

Answer 4

high, 1.1 migrants per 1000 population in 2014

Question 5

role of remmitances?

Answer 5

remittences bring in much needed income

Question 6

big issues that the government have?

Answer 6

human trafficking

Question 7

patterns of emigration and immigration

Answer 7

In 2013 1.29 million Laos born immigrants lived abroad mainly in Thailand

Question 8

main destination countries

Answer 8

thailand
USA
Bangladesh
france

Question 9

main reasons for emigration to thailand

Answer 9

-many of those work in the land substance farmers so farming holds no promise for financial gain or personal Independence

-lack of alternative occupations in rural areas

-there is insufficient land available for farming and periodic droughts which lead to food insecurity

-strong motivation to follow others who have returned from the financial success of migration

-the daily minimum wage is in Thailand is 300 bhat compared to 80 Bhat in Laos

-for many families in Laos migrant remittance is the main source of income

-low levels of education in Laos mean that there are many only suited to unskilled jobs
there is in stable demand for unskilled labour in Thailand is rapidly growing economy

Question 10

migration has been made easier by

Answer 10

-familiarity with the Thai culture and language
-the use of brokers to reach the Thai border and access of employment in Thailand

Question 11

main cause of migration to laos from neighbouring counrties?

Answer 11

the main cause of migration is a result of employment opportunities in the government driven World Bank funded programs linking countries in the region by highways bridges and tunnels. Many Vietnamese immigrants work in construction and mining

Question 12

migration policy

Answer 12

Laos this is a source country for human trafficking. In 20 13 36% of the population were under 15 therefore there are an increased in number of entrance into the workforce in a country where opportunities are limited. The vulnerability of young migrants to force labour and sex exploitation in Thailand is a major concern for the government and international organisations.

Question 13

has policy been sucsessful?

Answer 13

Government policies have been ineffective, many young migrants do not obtain the required passport and risk fines on returns. However the Leos PRD Ministry of labour and social welfare and the Ministry of Public Security that work in cooperation with the IOM and UN agencies to implement the more stringent anti-trafficking policy.

Question 14

govermet three strand policy?

Answer 14

prevention
protection
prosecution

Question 15

impact being a part of ASEAN has had on laos?

Answer 15

As a member of ASEAN laos is also subject to its laws on migration the aim to allow free movement of skilled labour from 2015. Mutual recognition agreements allowed professionals employed in nursing medicine dentistry architecture and tourism after five years of working the country of origin to have greater freedom of movement between the countries

Question 16

independence with countries linked to laos migration?

Answer 16

-the laos - thailand migration corridor is dominated numerically by the outward flow of unskilled people from laos to work in thailand.

laos - thailand corpration committie has been established to help strengthen communication and trade

Laos some Thailand work together as a member of the mekong river commission to prevent flooding

laos signed an agreement to build a rail link between Thailand and Vietnam in 2012 which also has special relations including high-speed rail link to China which will open up laos to development

Question 17

3 opportunties created by migration

Answer 17

• the migration corridor between Leos and Thailand it’s one of the largest with ASEAN and its help stimulate political and economic cooperation in terms of trade investment and development projects.

-MIGRANT REMITTANCES ARE VERY IMPORTANT TO THE FAMILY OF RETURNEES AND THEIR FAMILIES IN LAOS 22% OF FAMILIES LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE AND THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THIS MONEY ON LOCAL NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RANGES FROM PURCHASE OF SIMPLE DOMESTIC APPLIANCES TO AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Political stability is improving between laos Thailand and Vietnam

Question 18

3 challenges created by migration

Answer 18

Most economic migrants from Laos are low skilled and have limited education and also under 18 many travel illegally and are vunreble human trafficking, force labour and exploitation. Policy has been difficult to implement by the government as its success depends on transitional governance by organisations such as IOM, Aiello and civil society.

-lots of skilled labour such as carpenters and mechanics to Thailand. This is set to increase its if wage differentials remain high

-the garment industry is the largest sector of manufacturing employment but its growth depends on improve working conditions in the factories of Leos capital and their attention of many young female workers who may be seeking higher wages.