The Urinary Tract Vocabulary

Question 1

Damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure

Answer 1

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Question 2

The accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal failure

Answer 2

Amyloidosis

Question 3

The excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

Answer 3

Azotemia

Question 4

A measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea

Answer 4

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Question 5

An extension of the renal cortex located between the the renal pyramids

Answer 5

Columns of Bertin

Question 6

The ability to sonographically distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney

Answer 6

Corticomedullary Differentiation

Question 7

A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism and excreted in the urine

Answer 7

Creatinine

Question 8

The muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder

Answer 8

Detrusor muscle

Question 9

Shadowing seen posterior to gas or air

Answer 9

Dirty Shadowing

Question 10

Growing outward

Answer 10

Exophytic

Question 11

Pain in one side of the body between the upper abdomen and the back

Answer 11

Flank pain

Question 12

The fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and adrenal gland

Answer 12

Gerota Fascia

Question 13

Blood within the urine that is visible to the naked eye

Answer 13

Gross Hematuria

Question 14

Form of dialysis that utilizes a machine that essentially acts as a kidney whereby it extracts the patient’s blood, filters it, and returns the filtered blood to the patient

Answer 14

Hemodialysis

Question 15

Maintenance of normal body physiology

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 16

Decreased blood volume

Answer 16

Hypovolemia

Question 17

An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker

Answer 17

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Question 18

Division of the duplex collecting system, as in the upper pole moiety and the lower pole moiety

Answer 18

Moiety

Question 19

A small mass located on the wall of a structure

Answer 19

Mural Nodule

Question 20

The functional of the kidney

Answer 20

Nephron

Question 21

A nuclear medicine examination of the urinary bladder and ureters

Answer 21

Nuclear Cystogram

Question 22

A small protrusion of tissue

Answer 22

Papillary Projection

Question 23

A form of dialysis that uses a solution that is instilled into the abdomen; uses diffusion and osmosis to filter waste products from the blood

Answer 23

Peritoneal Dialysis

Question 24

Irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that do not allow urine to exit the urethra

Answer 24

Posterior Urethral Valves

Question 25

Prune Belly Syndrome

Answer 25

A syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder

Question 26

Pus within the urine

Answer 26

Pyuria

Question 27

A sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter

Answer 27

Renal Colic

Question 28

The outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for filtration

Answer 28

Renal Cortex

Question 29

A ratio calculated by dividing the highest renal artery velocity by the highest aortic velocity obtained at the level of the renal arteries

Answer 29

Renal:Aorta Ratio

Question 30

The inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for absorption

Answer 30

Renal Medulla

Question 31

Cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla that contains part of the nephron

Answer 31

Renal Pyramids

Question 32

The portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, and infundibula

Answer 32

Renal Sinus

Question 33

Enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure

Answer 33

Renin

Question 34

An artifact that results from a sound wave interacting with a large acoustic interface that repeatedly bounces back and forth from the interface to the transducer

Answer 34

Reverberation artifact

Question 35

A partition separating two or more cavities

Answer 35

Septation

Question 36

The combination of a slow systolic upstroke and a decreased systolic velocity

Answer 36

Tardus-Parvus

Question 37

Muscular bundle

Answer 37

Trabeculae

Question 38

The area within the urinary bladder where the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located

Answer 38

Trigone of the Urinary Bladder

Question 39

A pelvic abscess involving the uterine tubes and ovaries that is often caused by pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 39

Tubo-Ovarian Abscess

Question 40

The junction of the ureter and renal pelvis

Answer 40

Ureteropelvic Junction

Question 41

The junction of the ureter and urinary bladder

Answer 41

Ureterovesicular Junction

Question 42

Inflammation of the urethra

Answer 42

Urethritits

Question 43

A radiographic examination that involves the assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and other abnormalities

Answer 43

Voiding Cystourethrogram