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[MT] Lesson 5: The Digestive System, Mental Health, & The Urinary System > The Urinary System Terms > Flashcards

The Urinary System Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent Arteriole

A

Arteriole that carries blood into glomerulus

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2
Q

Albumin

A

Protein normally found circulating in bloodstream; it is abnormal for albumin to be in urine

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3
Q

Bowman’s Capsule

A

Also called ‘glomerular capsule’; part of renal corpuscle; is a double-walled cuplike structure that encircles glomerulus; in filtration stage of urine production, waste products filtered from blood enter Bowman’s capsule as glomerular filtrate

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4
Q

Calyx

A

Duct that connects renal papilla to renal pelvis; urine flows from collecting tubule through calyx and into renal pelvis

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5
Q

Collecting Tubule

A

Portion of renal tubule

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6
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer of organ; in endocrine system, it refers to outer layer of adrenal glands; in urinary system, outer layer of kidney

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7
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

Portion of renal tubule

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8
Q

Efferent Arteriole

A

Arteriole that carries blood away from glomerulus

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9
Q

Eletrolyte

A

Chemical compound that separates into charged particles, or ionizes, in solution; sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium (K) are examples of electrolytes

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10
Q

External Sphincter

A

Ring of voluntary muscle that controls emptying of urine from bladder

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11
Q

Filtration

A

First stage of urine production during which waste products are filtered from blood

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12
Q

Genitourinary System (GU)

A

Organs of the urinary system and female or make sexual organs

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13
Q

Glomerular Capsule

A

Also called ‘Bowman’s capsule’; part of renal corpuscle; is a double-walled cuplike structure that encircles glomerulus; in filtration stage of urine production, waste products filtered from blood enter Bowman’s capsule as glomerular filtrate

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14
Q

Glomerular Filtrate

A

Product of filtration stage of urine production; water, electrolytes, nutrients, wastes, and toxins that are filtered from blood passing through glomerulus; filtrate enters Bowman’s capsule

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15
Q

Glomerulus

A

Ball of capillaries encased by Bowman’s capsule; in filtration stage of urine production, wastes filtered from blood leave glomerulus capillaries and enter Bowman’s capsule

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16
Q

Hilum

A

Controlled entry/exit point of an organ such as kidney or lung

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

Steady state or state of balance within body; kidneys assist in maintaining this regulatory, steady state

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18
Q

Internal Sphincter

A

Ring of involuntary muscle that keeps urine within bladder

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19
Q

Kidneys

A

Two kidneys located in lumbar region of back behind parietal peritoneum; under muscles of back, just a little above waist; have concave or depressed area that gives them bean-shaped appearance; center of this concavity is called hilum

20
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Portion of renal tubule

21
Q

Medulla

A

Central area of an organ; in endocrine system refers to adrenal medulla; in urinary system, refers to inner portion of kidney

22
Q

Nephron

A

Functional or working unit of kidney that filters blood and produces urine; there are more than 1 million nephrons in adult kidney; each nephron consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubules

23
Q

Nephron Loop

A

Portion of renal tubule; also referred to as ‘Loop of Henle.’

24
Q

Nitrogenous Wastes

A

Waste products that contain nitrogen; products, such as ammonia and urea, are produced during protein metabolism

25
Q

Peritubular Capillaries

A

Capillary bed surrounding renal tubules

26
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

A

Portion of renal tubule

27
Q

Reabsorption

A

Second phase of urine production; substances needed by body are reabsorbed as filtrate passes through kidney tubules

28
Q

Renal Artery

A

Artery that originates from abdominal aorta and carries blood to nephrons of kidney

29
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

Part of nephron; double-walled cuplike structure called ‘glomerular capsule’ or ‘Bowman’s capsule’ and contains capillary network called glomerulus; afferent arteriole carries blood to glomerulus and efferent arteriole carries blood away from glomerulus; filtration stage of urine production occurs in renal corpuscle as wastes are filtered from blood in glomerulus and enter Bowman’s capsule

30
Q

Renal Papilla

A

Tip of renal pyramid

31
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

Large collecting site for urine within kidney; collects urine from each calyx; urine leaves renal pelvis via ureter

32
Q

Renal Pyramid

A

Triangular-shaped region of renal medulla

33
Q

Renal Tubule

A

Network of tubes found in a nephron; consists of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule; reabsorption and secretion stages of urine production occur within renal tubule; as glomerular filtrate passes through renal tubule, most of water and some of dissolved substances, such as amino acids and electrolytes, are reabsorbed; at same time, substances that are too large to filter into Bowman’s capsule, such as urea, are secreted directly from bloodstream into renal tubule; filtrate that reaches collecting tubule becomes urine

34
Q

Renal Vein

A

Vein that carries blood away from kidneys

35
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Pertaining to behind peritoneum; used to describe position of kidneys, which is outside of peritoneal sac alongside spine

36
Q

Rugae

A

Prominent folds in mucosa of stomach; smooth out and almost disappear allowing stomach to expand when full of food; also found in urinary bladder

37
Q

Secretion

A

Third phase of urine production; additional waste products are added to filtrate as it passes through kidney tubules

38
Q

Specific Gravity (sp. grav.)

A

Characteristic of urine that indicates amount of dissolved substances in urine

39
Q

Uremia

A

Excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in blood

40
Q

Ureters

A

Organs in urinary system that transport urine from kidney to bladder

41
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that leads from urinary bladder to outside of body; in male it is also used by reproductive system to release semen

42
Q

Urinalysis (U/A, UA)

A

Laboratory test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

43
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

Organ in the urinary system that stores urine

44
Q

Urinary Meatus

A

External opening of urethra

45
Q

Urination

A

Release of urine from urinary bladder

46
Q

Urine

A

Fluid that remains in urinary system following three stages of urine production: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

[MT] Lesson 5: The Digestive System, Mental Health, & The Urinary System (26 decks)

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