The Urinary System Flashcards
What is a congenital anomaly that has a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid, the fetus is compressed by the uterus; this causes low set ears, small receding chin, beak like nose and abnormally bent lower extremities.
Potter syndrome
What is the most life-threatening component of Potter syndrome?
Pulmonary hypoplasia
What is a congenital anomaly when there is a misplaced kidney(s), due to failure of the fetal kidney to migrate from the pelvis to the flank
Renal Ectopia
What is the congenital anomaly called when the kidneys are fused?
Horseshoe kidney
What is found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
How much percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?
20-30%
What is the equation for normal GFR?
GFR = 140 - [your age]
What GFR value is a sign of kidney failure?
below 15mL/min
Where can diffusion of water NOT occur in the nephron?
Loop of Henle
Is ADH increased or decreased during water deprivation?
increased
What condition is characterized by high serum ADH?
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
What are the 4 structures of a glomerular capillary wall?
thin layer of fenestrated endothelial cells
glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes
Mesangium
What type of collagen is the GBM composed of?
type 4 collagen
What is Azotemia?
decreased Glomerular filtration rate
What is the kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine?
Nephrotic Syndrome
What are the symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome?
proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
edema
hyperlipidemia
What are the symptoms of Nephritic syndrome?
hematuria
oliguria
azotemia
hypertension
What is a group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the filtering units of the kidney called glomeruli.
Glomerulonephritis
What happens when the glomeruli are inflamed?
they allow passage of protein and blood into the urine
What is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children leading to loss of too much protein in the urine?
Minimal-Change disease
What ages are Minimal-Change disease most common in?
Ages 1-7
What is another name for Minimal-Change disease?
Lipoid Nephrosis
How do you treat Minimal-Change disease?
corticosteroids
What condition is characterized by sclerosis affecting some but not all glomeruli
Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
What race is FSGS the primary leading cause of Nephrotic syndrome?
African Americans
What is Stage 1 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?
no projections of GBM material
What is Stage 2 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?
projections of GBM material around immune complexes
What is stage 3 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?
enclosure of immune complexes around GBM
What is Stage 4 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?
thickened GBM
What race is Membranous Nephropathy the primary leading cause of Nephrotic Syndrome?
White and asian
