The Urinary System

Question 1

What is a congenital anomaly that has a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid, the fetus is compressed by the uterus; this causes low set ears, small receding chin, beak like nose and abnormally bent lower extremities.

Answer 1

Potter syndrome

Question 2

What is the most life-threatening component of Potter syndrome?

Answer 2

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 3

What is a congenital anomaly when there is a misplaced kidney(s), due to failure of the fetal kidney to migrate from the pelvis to the flank

Answer 3

Renal Ectopia

Question 4

What is the congenital anomaly called when the kidneys are fused?

Answer 4

Horseshoe kidney

Question 5

What is found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla?

Answer 5

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 6

How much percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

Answer 6

20-30%

Question 7

What is the equation for normal GFR?

Answer 7

GFR = 140 - [your age]

Question 8

What GFR value is a sign of kidney failure?

Answer 8

below 15mL/min

Question 9

Where can diffusion of water NOT occur in the nephron?

Answer 9

Loop of Henle

Question 10

Is ADH increased or decreased during water deprivation?

Answer 10

increased

Question 11

What condition is characterized by high serum ADH?

Answer 11

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Question 12

What are the 4 structures of a glomerular capillary wall?

Answer 12

thin layer of fenestrated endothelial cells
glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes
Mesangium

Question 13

What type of collagen is the GBM composed of?

Answer 13

type 4 collagen

Question 14

What is Azotemia?

Answer 14

decreased Glomerular filtration rate

Question 15

What is the kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine?

Answer 15

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 16

proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
edema
hyperlipidemia

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Nephritic syndrome?

Answer 17

hematuria
oliguria
azotemia
hypertension

Question 18

What is a group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the filtering units of the kidney called glomeruli.

Answer 18

Glomerulonephritis

Question 19

What happens when the glomeruli are inflamed?

Answer 19

they allow passage of protein and blood into the urine

Question 20

What is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children leading to loss of too much protein in the urine?

Answer 20

Minimal-Change disease

Question 21

What ages are Minimal-Change disease most common in?

Answer 21

Ages 1-7

Question 22

What is another name for Minimal-Change disease?

Answer 22

Lipoid Nephrosis

Question 23

How do you treat Minimal-Change disease?

Answer 23

corticosteroids

Question 24

What condition is characterized by sclerosis affecting some but not all glomeruli

Answer 24

Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

Question 25

What race is FSGS the primary leading cause of Nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 25

African Americans

Question 26

What is Stage 1 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?

Answer 26

no projections of GBM material

Question 27

What is Stage 2 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?

Answer 27

projections of GBM material around immune complexes

Question 28

What is stage 3 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?

Answer 28

enclosure of immune complexes around GBM

Question 29

What is Stage 4 of Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)?

Answer 29

thickened GBM

Question 30

What race is Membranous Nephropathy the primary leading cause of Nephrotic Syndrome?

Answer 30

White and asian