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Systems Pathology 2 Final exam > Diseases and infections > Flashcards

Diseases and infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most important cell types in the collecting tubules?

A 
intercalated cells (cuboidal cells with microvilli)
Principal cells (cuboidal cells without microvilli)
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2
Q

What is the function of intercalated cells?

A

maintain acid-base balance

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3
Q

What is the function of Principal cells?

A

maintain water and salt balance

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

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5
Q

What is affected the most in acute tubular necrosis?

A

Proximal tubule

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6
Q

True or False: in ischemic tubular injury, the glomeruli and blood vessels are normal.

A

True

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7
Q

What is the major symptom/characteristic of Acute Tubular necrosis?

A

Oliguria

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8
Q

What is the major cause of tubulointerstitial disease?

A

Drug-induced

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9
Q

What is a malignant tumor of the kidney involving plasma cells and has an excessive production of abnormal immunoglobulins like Bence Jones (Light kappa Chains) proteinuria and Cast (formed in tubules)?

A

Multiple Myeloma

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10
Q

What does nephrotic range proteinuria in multiple myeloma suggest?

A

amyloidosis

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of UTI?

A

E.coli

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of UTI?

A

Pain during urination
urine is pink and cloudy
strong urge to urinate

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13
Q

What is inflammation of the bladder mucosa? Causes?

A

Cystitis

Causes are adenovirus, radiation, and chemotherapy

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14
Q

What is another name for interstitial cystitis?

A

Hunner’s ulcer

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15
Q

What form of cystitis is a “vesicular” inflammatory reaction with Michaelis-Gutmann bodies?

A

Malacoplakia

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16
Q

What are the two routes by which bacteria can reach the kidneys in Pyelonephritis?

A

Hematogenous (through the blood stream)

Ascending infection (from lower Urinary tract)

17
Q

What is the most important route for Pyelonephritis?

A

Ascending infection

18
Q

How do you diagnose Pyelonephritis?

A

White cast cells in urine

19
Q

What is the hallmark for Chronic Pyelonephritis?

A

Scarring of the kidneys

Systems Pathology 2 Final exam (6 decks)

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