Male Genital System Flashcards
What is the congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside (ventral) of the penis? Urethra opening on the upper side?
Hypospadias
Epispadias
What is cryptorchidism?
complete or incomplete failure of descent of one or both testes (10% of cases is bilateral).
What is a condition in which tight foreskin can’t be pulled back over the head of the penis?
Phimosis
What is local inflammation of the glans penis?
What is local inflammation of the glans penis AND prepuce?
Balanitis
Balanoposthitis
What are some symptoms of Balanitis?
red, swollen, tender, and discharge
What causes Balanitis?
STDs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV, and herpes
What is the most common STD affecting the glans penis?
HSV-2
What is a chancroid caused by?
Haemophilus ducreyi
What is Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by?
Chlamydia trachomatis
To whom do squamous cell carcinoma occur in?
uncircumcised males older the age of 40 infected with HPV 16 and 18
What is carcinoma in situ most commonly caused by?
HPV 16
What are the 3 forms of carcinoma in situ?
Bowen disease
Bowenoid papulosis
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
What type of carcinoma is Bowen’s disease?
Intra epidermal squamous cell carcinoma
What does Bowen’s disease look like on the shaft of the penis?
glossy, grayish-white plaque
What is Bowenoid papulosis caused by?
Young, sexually active males who are infected with HPV
What does Bowenoid papulosis look like?
brown papular lesions
What is Erythroplasia of Queyrat caused by?
Bowen disease as a erythemaous patch on the glans penis
What is Prader-Willi syndrome caused by?
abnormal chromosome 15
What is a primary UTI that ascends to the testes through the vas deferens called?
nonspecific epididymitis
What is a gonorrheal infection from urethra and prostate?
specific epididymitis
What is fluid in the space between the two serous layers (layers of the tunica vaginalis) around testes due to infection or tumor called?
Hydrocele
What is blood in the space between the two serous layers around testes called?
Hematocele
What are more than 90% of testicular tumors characterized by?
germ cells
isochromosome p12
What are the 2 categories of testicular tumors?
Germ cell tumors (95%)
non-Germ cell tumors
What are large, soft, well-demarcated, rubbery firm usually homogeneous, gray-white, fleshy, tumors that accounts for 50% of testicular germ cell neoplasms
Seminoma
What testicular germ cell tumor contains necrosis and hemorrhage and is positive for HcG and AFP
embryonal carcinoma
What testicular germ cell tumor are small, non-palpable lesions with no testicular enlargement
Chorioncarcinoma
What testicular germ cell tumor contains cysts, areas of cartilage, and differentiated tissues from one or more germ cell layers?
Teratoma
What bacteria cause acute prostatitis?
How do you diagnose acute prostatitis?
E.coli
enterococci
staphylococci
Diagnosis: by culture
What bacteria cause chronic prostatitis?
How do you diagnose chronic prostatitis?
E.coli
Diagnosis: fluid positive of bacteria (culture)
What is the most common prostatitis?
Chronic abacterial prostatitis
What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia? (all due to compression of urethra)
nocturia
dysuria
starting stopping problems
What is the 2nd most common cause of cancer death (behind lung cancer) for men?
Prostate tumors
What accounts for the vast majority of all primary prostatic tumors (95% of prostate cancers)?
adenocarcinomas
Where does adenocarcinoma develop?
acini of prostatic ducts
Where on the prostate are 70% of the cancers shown? 20%?
70%: peripheral zone
20% transitional zone
What is Grade 1 Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN)?
Precancerous stage
What is Grade 2 PIN?
medium sized differentiated tumors
What is Grade 3 PIN?
fused glandular epithelium with large tumors
What is Grade 4 PIN?
poorly differentiated
How do you diagnose Prostate cancer? What is the normal value of serum PSA levels?
digital rectal exam, PSA serum, and AMCAR
Normal Serum PSA: 4.0ng/mL
