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Systems Pathology 2 Final exam > Male Genital System > Flashcards

Male Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside (ventral) of the penis? Urethra opening on the upper side?

A

Hypospadias

Epispadias

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2
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

complete or incomplete failure of descent of one or both testes (10% of cases is bilateral).

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3
Q

What is a condition in which tight foreskin can’t be pulled back over the head of the penis?

A

Phimosis

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4
Q

What is local inflammation of the glans penis?

What is local inflammation of the glans penis AND prepuce?

A

Balanitis

Balanoposthitis

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5
Q

What are some symptoms of Balanitis?

A

red, swollen, tender, and discharge

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6
Q

What causes Balanitis?

A

STDs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV, and herpes

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7
Q

What is the most common STD affecting the glans penis?

A

HSV-2

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8
Q

What is a chancroid caused by?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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9
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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10
Q

To whom do squamous cell carcinoma occur in?

A

uncircumcised males older the age of 40 infected with HPV 16 and 18

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11
Q

What is carcinoma in situ most commonly caused by?

A

HPV 16

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12
Q

What are the 3 forms of carcinoma in situ?

A

Bowen disease
Bowenoid papulosis
Erythroplasia of Queyrat

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13
Q

What type of carcinoma is Bowen’s disease?

A

Intra epidermal squamous cell carcinoma

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14
Q

What does Bowen’s disease look like on the shaft of the penis?

A

glossy, grayish-white plaque

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15
Q

What is Bowenoid papulosis caused by?

A

Young, sexually active males who are infected with HPV

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16
Q

What does Bowenoid papulosis look like?

A

brown papular lesions

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17
Q

What is Erythroplasia of Queyrat caused by?

A

Bowen disease as a erythemaous patch on the glans penis

18
Q

What is Prader-Willi syndrome caused by?

A

abnormal chromosome 15

19
Q

What is a primary UTI that ascends to the testes through the vas deferens called?

A

nonspecific epididymitis

20
Q

What is a gonorrheal infection from urethra and prostate?

A

specific epididymitis

21
Q

What is fluid in the space between the two serous layers (layers of the tunica vaginalis) around testes due to infection or tumor called?

A

Hydrocele

22
Q

What is blood in the space between the two serous layers around testes called?

A

Hematocele

23
Q

What are more than 90% of testicular tumors characterized by?

A

germ cells

isochromosome p12

24
Q

What are the 2 categories of testicular tumors?

A

Germ cell tumors (95%)

non-Germ cell tumors

25
Q

What are large, soft, well-demarcated, rubbery firm usually homogeneous, gray-white, fleshy, tumors that accounts for 50% of testicular germ cell neoplasms

A

Seminoma

26
Q

What testicular germ cell tumor contains necrosis and hemorrhage and is positive for HcG and AFP

A

embryonal carcinoma

27
Q

What testicular germ cell tumor are small, non-palpable lesions with no testicular enlargement

A

Chorioncarcinoma

28
Q

What testicular germ cell tumor contains cysts, areas of cartilage, and differentiated tissues from one or more germ cell layers?

A

Teratoma

29
Q

What bacteria cause acute prostatitis?

How do you diagnose acute prostatitis?

A

E.coli
enterococci
staphylococci
Diagnosis: by culture

30
Q

What bacteria cause chronic prostatitis?

How do you diagnose chronic prostatitis?

A

E.coli

Diagnosis: fluid positive of bacteria (culture)

31
Q

What is the most common prostatitis?

A

Chronic abacterial prostatitis

32
Q

What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia? (all due to compression of urethra)

A

nocturia
dysuria
starting stopping problems

33
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of cancer death (behind lung cancer) for men?

A

Prostate tumors

34
Q

What accounts for the vast majority of all primary prostatic tumors (95% of prostate cancers)?

A

adenocarcinomas

35
Q

Where does adenocarcinoma develop?

A

acini of prostatic ducts

36
Q

Where on the prostate are 70% of the cancers shown? 20%?

A

70%: peripheral zone

20% transitional zone

37
Q

What is Grade 1 Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN)?

A

Precancerous stage

38
Q

What is Grade 2 PIN?

A

medium sized differentiated tumors

39
Q

What is Grade 3 PIN?

A

fused glandular epithelium with large tumors

40
Q

What is Grade 4 PIN?

A

poorly differentiated

41
Q

How do you diagnose Prostate cancer? What is the normal value of serum PSA levels?

A

digital rectal exam, PSA serum, and AMCAR

Normal Serum PSA: 4.0ng/mL

Systems Pathology 2 Final exam (6 decks)

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