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My Medical Terminology > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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2
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

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3
Q

dia-

A

through, between, apart, complete

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4
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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5
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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6
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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7
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

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8
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

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10
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

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11
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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12
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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13
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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14
Q

-uria

A

urination, urine

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15
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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16
Q

ablation

A

the term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer; involves the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function through the use of surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods.

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17
Q

acute renal failure

A

sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood.

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18
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

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19
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50.

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20
Q

chronic kidney disease

A

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

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21
Q

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

A

inflammation of the bladder.

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22
Q

cystocele

A

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall.

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23
Q

cystolith

A

a stone located within the urinary bladder.

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24
Q

cystoscopy

A

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.

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25
Q

dialysis

A

dialysis

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26
Q

diuresis

A

the increased output of urine.

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27
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination.

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28
Q

ectopic kidney

A

congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney.

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29
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases.

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30
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

end-stage renal disease

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31
Q

epispadias

A

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis; in the female with epispadias, the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris.

32
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A

the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel.

33
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.

34
Q

hemodialysis

A

a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood.

35
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the dilation of one or both kidneys.

36
Q

hydroureter

A

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction.

37
Q

hyperproteinuria

A

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.

38
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

39
Q

hypospadias

A

the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male with hypospadias, the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis; In the female with hypospadias, the urethra opens into the vagina.

40
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.

41
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder.

42
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

a set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

43
Q

nephrolith

A

a stone located in the kidney.

44
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of stones in the kidney.

45
Q

nephrolysis

A

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

46
Q

nephrons

A

the microscopic functional units of each kidney.

47
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney.

48
Q

nephrostomy

A

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

49
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine.

50
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

51
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night.

52
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep.

53
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination.

54
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back.

55
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.

56
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.

57
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination.

58
Q

prostatism

A

a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

59
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney.

60
Q

pyelotomy

A

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

61
Q

renal colic

A

acute pain in the kidney area that is causd by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone.

62
Q

suprapubic catheterization

A

“the placement of a urinary catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall above the pubic bone.”

63
Q

transurethral prostatectomy

A

the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope.

64
Q

uremia

A

“a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood.”

65
Q

ureterolith

A

a stone located anywhere along the ureter.

66
Q

ureterorrhagia

A

the discharge of blood from the ureter.

67
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra.

68
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of damage or a defect of the walls of the urethra.

69
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra.

70
Q

urethrostenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra.

71
Q

urethrotomy

A

a surgical incision into the urethra.

72
Q

urinary catheterization

A

the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution.

73
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina.

74
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

75
Q

Wilms tumor

A

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.

My Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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