The Urinary System Flashcards
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
dia-
through, between, apart, complete
glomerul/o
glomerulus
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone, calculus
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
vesic/o
urinary bladder
ablation
the term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer; involves the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function through the use of surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods.
acute renal failure
sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood.
anuria
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys.
benign prostatic hyperplasia
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50.
chronic kidney disease
the progressive loss of renal function over months or years.
the progressive loss of renal function over months or years.
inflammation of the bladder.
cystocele
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall.
cystolith
a stone located within the urinary bladder.
cystoscopy
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.
dialysis
dialysis
diuresis
the increased output of urine.
dysuria
difficult or painful urination.
ectopic kidney
congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney.
edema
swelling caused by excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases.
end-stage renal disease
end-stage renal disease
epispadias
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis; in the female with epispadias, the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris.
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel.
glomerulonephritis
a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.
hemodialysis
a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood.
hydronephrosis
the dilation of one or both kidneys.
hydroureter
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction.
hyperproteinuria
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.
hypoproteinemia
the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.
hypospadias
the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male with hypospadias, the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis; In the female with hypospadias, the urethra opens into the vagina.
incontinence
the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.
interstitial cystitis
inflammation of the bladder.
intravenous pyelogram
a set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
nephrolith
a stone located in the kidney.
nephrolithiasis
the presence of stones in the kidney.
nephrolysis
surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.
nephrons
the microscopic functional units of each kidney.
nephropathy
any disease of the kidney.
nephrostomy
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.
nephrotic syndrome
a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine.
neurogenic bladder
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.
nocturia
frequent and excessive urination during the night.
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep.
oliguria
scanty urination.
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back.
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.
polycystic kidney disease
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.
polyuria
excessive urination.
prostatism
a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney.
pyelotomy
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis.
renal colic
acute pain in the kidney area that is causd by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone.
suprapubic catheterization
“the placement of a urinary catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall above the pubic bone.”
transurethral prostatectomy
the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope.
uremia
“a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood.”
ureterolith
a stone located anywhere along the ureter.
ureterorrhagia
the discharge of blood from the ureter.
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra.
urethroplasty
surgical repair of damage or a defect of the walls of the urethra.
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra.
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra.
urethrotomy
a surgical incision into the urethra.
urinary catheterization
the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution.
vesicovaginal fistula
an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina.
voiding cystourethrography
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.
Wilms tumor
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.
