The Reproductive Systems Flashcards
cervic/o
cervix (neck of uterus)
colp/o
vagina
-gravida
pregnant
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o
uterus
mast/o
breast
men/o
menstruation, menses
orchid/o
testicles
ov/o
egg, ovum
ovari/o
ovary
-para
to give birth
-pexy
surgical fixation
salping/o
fallopian tube
test/i
testicle, testis
vagin/o
vagina
abruptio placentae
a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus.
amenorrhea
an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more.
amniocentesis
surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders.
andropause
marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone; the gradual hormonal change usually begins when a man is in his 40s, and can cause low energy, depression, a reduction in muscle mass, and difficulty sleeping or concentrating.
Apgar score
“a scale of 1 to 10 to evaluate a newborn infant’s physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.”
azoospermia
the absence of sperm in the semen.
cervical dysplasia
the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix.
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix.
chlamydia
a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.
chorionic villus sampling
examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy.
colostrum
specialized form of breast milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies that the newborn can digest; produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and during the first few days after giving birth.
colporrhaphy
surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina.
colposcopy
direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.
dysmenorrhea
pain caused by uterine contractions during a menstrual period.
eclampsia
a serious condition characterized by seizures and coma that can develop during or after pregnancy from uncontrolled preeclampsia.
ectopic pregnancy
a dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus.
endometriosis
a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity.
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis.
episiotomy
a surgical incision made into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal.
fibroadenoma
a round, rubbery, firm mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast.
galactorrhea
the production of breast milk in women who are not breast feeding.
gonorrhea
a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
hematospermia
the presence of blood In the semen.
hydrocele
a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles.
hypomenorrhea
an unusually small amount of menstrual fluid during a shortened menstrual period.
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus.
hysterosalpingography
an x-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
hysteroscopy
the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
lactation
the process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant.
leukorrhea
a whitish mucous discharge from the uterus and vagina.
mastalgia
pain in the breast.
mastopexy
elective surgery to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position.
menarche
the beginning of menstruation.
menometrorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals.
neonate
the newborn infant is known as a neonate during the first 4 weeks after birth.
nullipara
a woman who has never borne a viable child.
obstetrician
a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter.
oligomenorrhea
“irregular or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods.”
oophorectomy
surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
orchiectomy
surgical removal of one or both testicles.
orchiopexy
the repair of cryptorchidism, which is an undescended testicle.
pelvic inflammatory disease
any inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy.
perimenopause
the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all.
Peyronie’s disease
a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection.
placenta previa
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus.
polyystic ovary syndrome
a condition characterized by an imbalance of reproductive hormones.
postpartum
after childbirth.
preeclampsia
a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.
priapism
a painful erection that lasts four hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement.
primigravida
a woman during her first pregnancy.
primipara
a woman who has borne one viable child.
salpingo-oophorectomy
surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary.
syphilis
a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
trichomoniasis
a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
uterine prolapse
“a condition in which the weakening of pelvic muscles and supportive tissues allows the uterus to slide from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sag into the vagina.”
vaginismus
an involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that close off the vagina.
varicocele
a knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum.
vasovasostomy
a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male.
vulvodynia
a painful syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, dyspareunia, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva.
