The UK human landscape Flashcards
What is population distribution?
How the population is spread out.
What is population density?
The amount of people per km^2 of land.
What are conurbations?
Towns that have merged to form continuous urban areas such as Merseyside which includes Liverpool.
Explain economic activity in rural areas.
Fewer job opportunities that are normally primary. Some have seasonal tourism and some rural settlements near urban areas have become commuter settlements. People live there and travel into urban areas for work.
Explain economic activity in urban cores.
60% of jobs here and mainly tertiary. Higher paid and more people live here.
What is the population of urban cores like?
Younger population as more of them are working age. People retire and move to a more peaceful environment.
Why do some rural areas suffer poverty?
Isolated rural areas on the periphery of the UK which have few natural resources. Young people have to leave to find jobs elsewhere. Depopulation leads to lack of services as not enough workers, they can no longer be supported. Former industrial areas have high unemployment due to closure of industry.
What have the UK and EU government done to tackle differences in wealth?
Enterprise zones, transport infrastructure and regional development.
What are enterprise zones?
UK government created 55 enterprise zones which offer companies benefits such as reduced taxes, simpler planning rules and improved infrastructure. These things encourage companies to locate in areas of high unemployment bringing jobs and income which could help poorer rural areas to develop.
What is transport infrastructure?
The UK government plans to link London, Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester with a new high speed rail line to increase capacity and allow for faster journeys into major cities promoting industry and jobs in poorer areas in the north.
What is regional development?
The EU is funding superfast broadband, and training peoples skills to help digital businesses in rural areas and attract graduates and to boost the local economy. Area has to be poorer than 75% of the Country. Leaving EU means these may not continue.
What is the multiplier effect?
‘Snowballing’ of economic activity. e.g. If new jobs are created, people who take them have money to spend in the shops, which means that more shop workers are needed.
Watch a video on migration v immigration.
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What is natural increase?
More people being born than dying?
What is net migration?
More people moving into a country than leaving.
What is the distribution of people in the UK?
Young national migrants and most international migrants move to major cities for jobs and universities. Lots of counter-urbanisation as wealthy people move out to seek a better quality of life. Many older people move to coastal areas in the east and south west of england.
Why are rural house prices high?
Many wealthy people who live in urban areas have a second home for holidays. This means the people that permanently live in rural areas cannot afford it as most of the jobs there are not as high paying.
What is the age structure of the UK like?
Migration increases birth rate as they are of child-bearing age but the UK’s population is still ageing. An ageing population is very expensive and the UK is multicultural.
How has the UK immigration policy increased diversity?
After ww2 UK encouraged immigration from Commonwealth countries.
What is causing higher birth rate in UK?
More women in their twenties having children due to reduced employment and more women at older ages having children. Overseas women who have high fertility rates for religious reasons.
What is happening to employment in UK?
Primary and secondary employment declining but knowledge economy and tertiary is ascending. Also called quaternary.
How has FDI increased in the UK?
Companies can buy land or buildings and locate their office or factory there. Or they can buy al or part of an already existing business. Most investment comes from TNCs.
How is globalisation increasing FDI?
The process of countries becoming more integrated. Transport and communication links have improved making it easier for companies to operate in the UK. London has developed as a global financial centre. Banks.
How is privatisation increasing FDI?
Services that were run by UK government now private so foreign firms can buy or merge them now so more FDI.
How is free trade policies increasing FDI?
Reduce import and export restrictions making it easier for countries to trade. Free trade is promoted between member countries of the EU. This increases FDI from the EU because companies can move goods and services freely between the UK and their home country. Free trade agreements with other countries can attract investors to the UK who want access to the European market and often include special agreements for investment as part of the deal. Since the UK voted to leave the EU, the future is also uncertain.
How do TNCs positively affect the UK?
Jobs are created, large scale projects can be built that the government cannot afford. TNCs often lead the way in developing new products, technology and business practices which can be used by other firms to increase productivity.
How do TNCs negatively affect the UK economy?
It can lead to over-reliance on TNCs and if there is a problem elsewhere in the world, the UK’s economy is affected. Big effects if TNCs choose to relocate. Local businesses struggle to compete against TNCs.
What are the advantages of working from home?
Better health as people can take breaks, no commuting and lower stress and traffic. Less sickness and parents can work at home to save money on child care. It suits disabled people and can cause increased productivity.
Where is London?
Flat floodplain of the River Thames. where it meets the sea. Over 20% of UK’s income comes from London. It was a major port until 1981 and still has shipping links. A world city.
Is the NHS private?
Yes.
How is migration changing London?
International migration.
National migration-Within the UK, young adults move to London for work and to study.
Internal population growth-The young population means more births than deaths in the city.
Highly skilled people move to the inner city to work in high payed jobs along with low-paid migrants looking for jobs in the service sector.
Explain the central business district of London.
City of London. Commercial land use and a mix of new high-rise office blocks and historical buildings. Land is expensive so building density is high. There are a few small parks.
