The Trunk

Question 1

Cervical Region of Trunk

Answer 1

7 vertebrte segments
8 nerve roots
Lordotic curvature

Question 2

Thoracic Region of Trunk

Answer 2

12 vertebrae segments
12 nerve roots
Kyphotic curvature

Question 3

Lumbar Region of Trunk

Answer 3

5 vertebrae segments
5 nerve roots
Lordotic curvature

Question 4

Sacral Region of Trunk

Answer 4

5 fused vertebrae
5 nerve roots
kyphotic curvature

Question 5

Coccygeal Region of Trynk

Answer 5

4 fused vertebrae
1 nerve root
Kyphotic curvature

Question 6

Lordosis

Answer 6

Concave posteriorly
Cervical and lumbar regions
Posture is in extension
In flexion… curve reversal

Question 7

Kyphosis

Answer 7

Concave anteriorly
Thoracic and Sacrococcygeal regions
Posture is in flexion
In extension… curve reversal

Question 8

Purpose of Curvature

Answer 8

They accept ground reaction forces and help to distribute them.

Question 9

Intervertebral Disc - Nucleus Pulposus

Answer 9

Central portion; fluid filled

Question 10

Intervertebral Disc - Annulus Fibrosus

Answer 10

Peripheral portion; collagen fibers

Question 11

Intervertebral Disc - Functions

Answer 11

Shock absorption (spongy bone)
Mobility

Question 12

Intervertebral Disk - Aging

Answer 12

• Less fluid
• Lose thickness
• Less mobility
• Less distinction between nucleus and annulus

Question 13

Flexion and Extension of Trunk

Answer 13

Plane - Sagittal
Axis of Rotation - Medial/Lateral
Forward and backward bending

Question 14

Lateral Flexion

Answer 14

Plane - Frontal
Axis of Rotation - Anterior/Posterior
Side bending to right or left

Question 15

Axial Rotation

Answer 15

Plane - Horizontal
Axis of Rotation - Vertical
Rotation, torsion

Question 16

Joint Capsule Ligament

Answer 16

Surrounds and reinforces each apophyseal joint

Question 17

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 17

Anterior surface of vertebral bodies; checks extension

Question 18

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 18

Posterior surface of vertebral bodies; checks flexion

Question 19

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 19

Posterior surface of vertebral canal; checks flexion

Question 20

Intertransverse Ligament

Answer 20

Between transverse processes; check lateral flexion and rotation

Question 21

Interspinous Ligament

Answer 21

Between spinous processes; check flexion

Question 22

Supraspinous Ligament

Answer 22

Between tips of spinous processes; checks flexion

Question 23

Cervical Vertebra

Answer 23

• Smallest
• Carry least amount of weight
• Most movile
• Have transverse foramen for vertebral artery

Question 24

Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 24

• Craniocervical region
• 2 degrees of freedom
• flexion/extension
• lateral flexion

Question 25

Atlanto-axial complex

Answer 25

- Craniocervical region - 2 degrees of freedom - flexion/extension - axial rotation

Question 26

Intracervical Apophyseal Joints (C2-C7)

Answer 26

- Craniocervical region - 3 degrees of freedom - flexion/extension - axial rotation - lateral flexion