The Hip Flashcards
Angle of Inclination
Proximal end of femur; Angle in frontal plane between the femoral neck and the medial side of the femoral shaft; Normally 125 degrees
Angle of Torsion
Rotation between bone’s shaft and neck; Normally 15 degrees
Coxa Vara
Decreased angle of inclination;
Increased adduction ROM and decreased abduction ROM
Coxa Valga
Increased angle of inclination;
Increased abduction ROM and decreased adduction ROM
Anteversion
Increased angle of torsion;
Increased internal rotation ROM and decreased external rotation ROM, toeing in
Retroversion
Decreased angle of torsion;
Increased external rotation ROM and decreased internal rotation ROM, toeing out
Iliofemoral Ligament
- Anterior joint reinforcement
- Limits extension, external rotation, abduction
- Upper part limits adduction
Pubofemoral ligament
- Anterior joint reinforcement
- Limits extension, external rotation, abduction
Ischiofemoral ligament
- Posterior joint reinforcement
- Limits internal rotation, extension
Hip Joint (Femoroacetabular) DOF
3 degrees of freedom
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- internal/external rotation
Hip Flexors
- Iliopsoas
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
- Adductor Longus
Hip Extensors
- Gluteus Maximus
- Hamstrings
- Posterior head of adductor magnus
Muscles limiting hip flexion
Gluteus maxiumus, hamstrings
Structures limiting hip extension
- Iliacus, psoas, rectus femoris
- Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ishiofemoral
Hip Muscle Paralysis
Posture goes into hip extension (lean back) to keep center of gravity of upper body
Hip Abductors
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fasciae latae
Hip Adductors
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
Structures limiting hip abduction
Adductors
Structures limiting hip adduction
- upper part of iliofemoral ligament
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
Hip External Rotators
- Gluteus maximus
- Sartorius
- Deep muscles
Structures limiting hip external rotation
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Anterior joint capsule
- Passive stretch of internal rotators
Hip Internal Rotators
- Adductors
- Pectineus
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Semitendonosis & Semimembranosis
- Anterior Fibers of gluteus medius and minimus
Limits to Hip Internal Rotation
- Passive stretch of external rotators
- Posterior capsule
- Ischiofemoral ligament
