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Kinesiology > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Foot & Ankle Functions

A
  • Absorb shock
  • Impart thrust to body when walking
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2
Q

Region of Foot - Rearfoot

A

Calcaneus, talus

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3
Q

Region of Foot - Midfoot

A

Navicular, cubiod, 3 cuneiforms

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4
Q

Region of Foot - Forefoot

A

Metatarsals, phalanges

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5
Q

Ankle Joint

A

Talocrural Joint - Distal tibia/fibula and talus

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6
Q

Supination

A

Plantarflexion + Adduction + Inversion

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7
Q

Pronation

A

Dorsiflexion + Abduction + Eversion

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8
Q

Medial Ligament of Talocrural Joint

A
  • Deltoid Ligament
  • Limits ankle eversion
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9
Q

Lateral Ligaments of Talocrural Joint

A
  • Anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular
  • Limits ankle inversion
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10
Q

Anterior talofibular

A

Limits planterflexior and inversion

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11
Q

Calcaneofibular

A

Limits inversion

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12
Q

Posterior talofibular

A

Limits dorsiflexion, abduction, some inversion

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13
Q

Kinematics of Talocrural Joint

A
  • 2 degrees of freedom
  • Plantarflexion:Dorsiflextion (55-0-20)
  • Inversion/Eversion
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14
Q

Talocrural Dorsiflexion Kinematics (Distal on Proximal)

A

convex on concave; roll anteriorly slide posteriorly

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15
Q

Talocrural Plantarflexion Kinematics (Distal on Proximal)

A

convex on concave; roll posteriorly slide anteriorly

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16
Q

Talocrural Dorsiflexion Kinematics (Proximal on Distal)

A

concave on convex; roll anteriorly slide anteriorly

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17
Q

Talocrural Plantarflexion Kinematics (Proximal on Distal)

A

concave on convex; roll posteriorly slide posteriorly

18
Q

Subtalar Joint Ligaments

A

Deltoid, calcaneofibular, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, cervical ligament

19
Q

Subtalar Supination - Open Chain

A

Calcaneus relative to stable talus;
Calcaneal inversion, calcaneal plantarflexion, calcaneal adduction

20
Q

Subtalar Pronation - Open Chain

A

Calcaneus relative to stable talus;
Calcaneal eversion, calcaneal dorsiflexion, calcaneal abduction

21
Q

Subtalar Pronation - Closed Chain

A

Talus relative to stable calcaneus;
Calcaneal eversion, talar plantarflexion, talar adduction, leg internal rotation

22
Q

Subtalar Supination - Closed Chain

A

Talus relative to stable calcaneus;
Calcaneal inversion, talar dorsiflexion, talar abduction, leg external rotation

23
Q

Transverse Tarsal Joint Function

A
  • Allows foot to adapt to a variety of surfaces
  • Strong functional relationship to subtalar joint
24
Q

Transverse Tarsal Joint Composition

A

Talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboidal joint

25
Subtalar Pronation Axes
Axes are parallel during subtalar pronation; midtarsal motion is more flexible
26
Subtalar Supination Axes
Axes diverge during subtalar supination; midtarsal motion is more rigid
27
Tarsometatarsal Joints First Ray Axis Motions
Dorsiflexion/inversion Plantarflexion/eversion
28
Tarsometatarsal Joints Third Ray Axis Motions
dorsiflexion plantarflexion
29
Tarsometatarsal Joints Fifth Ray Axis Motions
dorsiflexion/eversion plantarflexion/inversion
30
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) supination twist
- In order to maintain ground contact with the lateral foot - Forced 1st TMT dorsiflexion (with inversion) - Compensatory 4th and 5th TMT plantarflexion (with inversion)
31
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) pronation twist
- In order to maintain ground contact with the medial foot - Forced 4th and 5th TMT dorsiflexion (with eversion) - Compensatory 1st TMT plantarflexion (with eversion)
32
First Ray Plantar Flexion
- Peroneus longus tendon assists in first ray plantarflexion as tension in plantar fascia increases - Increases supination and rigidity of foot
33
Metatarsophalangeal Join DOF
2 degrees of Freedom - Flexion/extension or Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion - Abduction/Adduction
34
Metatarsal Break
Assists in supination during terminal stance by helping to invert the foot as the heel rises with toes remaining on the floor
35
Plantar Fascia
During metatarsal break.... - Tightens as MTP joints extend - Raises arch of foot - Contributes to supination - Contributes to stability
36
Passive Supports for Longitudinal Arch
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament - Plantar appenerousis
37
Active Supports for Longitudinal Arch
- Dynamic Sling (Posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, peroneus longus) - Intrinsic foot musculature
38
Ankle Plantarflexors
Gastrocnemius Soleus
39
Ankle Dorsiflexors
Tibialis anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
40
Muscles of Supination
Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
41
Muscles of Pronation
Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus

Kinesiology (5 decks)

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