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(GCSE) Religious Studies > The Triune God (Y11 - Spring 1) > Flashcards

The Triune God (Y11 - Spring 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Christian Belief about the Triune God

A

The Christian Belief that there are three persons in one God.

Its also called the Holy Trinity

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2
Q

6 Key Beliefs about the Triune God

A
  1. There is only one God
  2. Within the one God, there are 3 persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
  3. The three persons are still all God
  4. The three persons are equal (but not the same)
  5. The terms Trinity and Triune God show that God is a ‘community of Persons’
  6. The Trinity is a mystery (cannot be fully understood)
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3
Q

With the Triune God, state what ‘is’ God and what ‘is not’ God

A

Is:

  • God is the Father
  • God is the Son
  • God is Spirit

Is Not:

  • God the Father is not God the Son
  • God the Son is not God the Spirit
  • God the Spirit is not God the Father
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4
Q

Bible Evidence for the belief in One God

A

“Hear O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one”

Deuteronomy 6:4

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5
Q

Where have the words Trinity and Triune come from (e.g Catholic Church or the Bible?)

A

The words Trinity and Triune do not appear in the Bible, it is from Catholic Teaching that have taken evidence of this from the Bible. Justification is found throughout the New Testament, more specifically in the Baptism of Jesus.

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6
Q

Who was the Messenger that God promised to send to warn the people of the Messiah’s coming

A

God promised he’d send a messenger to warn people of the Messiah’s coming. Catholics believe this person was John the Baptist. He came with an urgent message which was repentance. He was vocal about people showing repentance publically and baptising people.

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7
Q

What happened in Jesus’ Baptism and how is the Trinity portrayed in it

A

When Jesus came up from the water John heard the voice of God and saying “This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased.”

God the Holy Spirit (represented by a white dove).

Here, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Spirit were all present at once, proving the Trinity/Truine God

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8
Q

Why do Catholic Baptisms happen Today?

A

Today, the Catholic Church baptises infants (and adults) as they believe that baptism absolves you from Original Sin and initiates you into the Church.

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9
Q

Why was Jesus’ Baptism Important

A

Jesus’ Baptism was important because:

  • It shows Jesus is the Messiah, Son of God
  • It shows that God is three persons - Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit
  • The three persons are separate yet united
  • God has fufilled his promise to send a Messiah (and a messenger)
  • Jesus realises that he is the Son of God
  • It is the beginning of Jesus’ leadership and ministry
  • Baptism today is the entry point for becoming a Christian
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10
Q

What was the only time other than Jesus’ Baptism where all 3 persons in one God were present

A

The only other time all three persons were present was in the act of Creation:

  • “when God created the heavens” (shows God is the Father, as the Father is seen to be creative”
  • “Then God said ‘Let there be light’” (shows God is the Son, as God created using his Word - a reference to the Son (Word) of God)
  • “while a wind from God” (shows God is the Spirit, as breath/holy spirit in Hebrew is translated as ‘wind’ in English)

All of these quotes come from the creation story in Genesis 1: 1-3

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11
Q

Definitions of Apostle and Disciple

A

Apostle:
“One who is sent out” (by God)

Disciple:
Any follower of Jesus

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12
Q

How is Authority passed on

A

The authority (special charism or power) is passed on by the bishop laying hands onto the person who is being ordained.

In this sense, Christ is present in the Papacy, guiding the Magesterium.

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13
Q

Where does the Authority of the Magesterium come from

A

Catholics believe that Jesus gave his 12 apostles apostolic authority to lead the Catholic Church on earth. As leader of the 12, Peter received special authority to lead the Church as pope.

“You are Peter, and upon this rock, I will build my Church” (Jesus to Peter in Matthew 16:19)

At Pentecost, it is believed the apostles received a special power (charism) from the Holy Spirit to use for the good of the Church.

The pope and the bishops today are seen as part of an unbroken, direct line that goes back to the 12 apostles and Jesus himself

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14
Q

How is the authority passed on?

A

The authority (special charism or power) is passed on by the bishop laying his hands onto the person who is being ordained (becoming a priest).

In this sense, Christ himself (God the Son) is present in the Papacy, guiding the Magisterium.

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15
Q

How is the Catholic Church concilliar

A

Occasionally, the pope and bishops (Magisterium) hold councils (meetings) to discuss important issues, make decisions and new teachings.

The Catholic Church can therefore be described as conciliar.

(The last council heard was the Second Vatican Council, V2)

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16
Q

What are the Catholic Church’s expectations of how Catholics should follow Magesterium

A

Catholics are expected to take Magisterium teachings very seriously. This is because:

• Authority to make decisions has come from Christ himself

• The Magisterium is guided by God in making correct doctrines
(teachings).

When a pope makes an official doctrine he can choose to declare it infallible - meaning that it cannot be wrong (in reality, even this decision would be in consultation with bishops).

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17
Q

How did the Council of Nicaea (325 CE) come about (why did it happen)

A

One of the most important debates took place at the beginning of the fourth century CE, about a heresy called Arianism. The priest Arius taught that only God the Father was eternal. He said that the Son had a beginning before time began, so so ‘there was when he was not’.

The bishops of the Church met at a Council in the Turkish town of Nicaea in 325CE to discuss this idea, which they decided to reject.

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18
Q

What were the two Main Teachings of the Council of Niceaa

A

The main teachings of the Council of Nicaea were:

  • The Son is eternally begotten from the Father. This means the Son has no beginning or end but is eternal
  • The Father and Son have always existed together: co-eternal, co-equal, of one nature.
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19
Q

How did the Council of Constatinople (381 CE) come about (why did it happen)

A

After the Council of Nicaea, there were further disputes about the nature of the Holy Spirit. A second council was called in Contantinople in 381CE. Here, teaching that implied that Jesus was not fully human were rejected. The position of the Holy Spirit as the Third Person of the Trinity was also affirmed.

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20
Q

What did the Bishops declare in the Council of Constantinople

A

The bishops declared that:

  • The Holy Spirit is the Lord, the Giver of Life
  • He proceeds from the Father
  • He with the Father and the Son is worshipped and glorified
  • He spoke through the prophets
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21
Q

What two Catholic Teachings are Infallible

A
  • The Immaculate Conception (belief that Mary did not have Original Sin)
  • Mary was Assumed into heaven (body and soul)
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22
Q

What parts of the Nicene Creed demonstrates that God is the Father

A

‘I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.’

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23
Q

What parts of the Nicene Creed demonstrates that God is the Son

A

‘I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made.

For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man.

For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried,
and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end.’

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24
Q

What parts of the Nicene Creed demonstrates that God is the Spirit

A

‘I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets.’

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25
Q

Eternal Definition

A

Something/someone that has always existed. Has no beginning and no end

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26
Q

Nicene Creed Definition

A

A statement of Catholic Beliefs. Recited at Mass today.

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27
Q

Who made the Creed said at Mass, and How was it made

A

This bishops at Nicaea devised a creed - a statement of the Catholic faith that all believers accept. The creed was amended at Constantinople. The Nicene-Contantinoplitan Creed is still used as the basis of Catholic faith, and is the creed recited at Mass.

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28
Q

What are the two Key Teachings from the Council of Nicaea

A
  1. The Son is eternally begotten from the Father.
    (Begotten means to bring something about that is of the same nature - so confirms that the Son is eternal)
  2. The Son is consubstantial with Father.
    (Made of the same substance as the Father - there is no difference in nature (Father and Son are eternal)
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29
Q

3 Ways God the Father is explained in the Nicene Creed

A

God is Creator of all things
“Maker of heaven and earth”

He is omnipotent/almighty
“The father almighty”

God is one
“I believe in one God”

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30
Q

3 Ways God the Son is explained in the Nicene Creed

A

The Son shares the nature of the Father. The Son is eternally begotten
“The Only Begotten Son of God”

There is no distraction between the Father and the Son
“Consubstantial with the Father”

The Son took on the limitations of human nature (he did not have an earthly father)
“By the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary”

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31
Q

3 Ways God the Spirit is explained in the Nicene Creed

A

The Spirit of God gives life to all things
“The Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life”

The Spirit comes from both the Father and the Son, uniting them
“Who proceeds from the Father and the Son”

The spirit inspires people to let them know God’s will
“Who has spoken through the prophets”

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32
Q

What are two main Teachings from the Council of Constantinople

A
  • Jesus is fully human and fully God

- The Holy Spirit is the Third Person of the Holy Trinity (Lord, giver of life, e.c.t)

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33
Q

Who was St.Augustine and how did he start trying to describe the Trinity?

A

St. Augustine (an inspired Christian), one of the greatest early thinkers (died in 430CE), tried to shed some light on the mystery of the Trinity.

He started trying to describe the Trinity with the Bible quote:

“God is love”

34
Q

Process of St.Augustine trying to describe the Trinity

A
  • God is love
  • Love can’t exist on its own
    (It needs a person who loves, a person who is loved, and the love itself)
  • He concludes that the Trinity is three persons united in love…
  • The Father and the Son love each other and the Spirit is the love that unites them
  • The Holy Spirit pours God’s love into the hearts and lives of believers

(God is relational = can be known personally)

35
Q

Why is Augustine trying to explain the Trinity seen as a Sacred Writing

A

Augustine trying to explain the Trinity is seen as sacred writing, as he was seen as an “Inspired Christian”, meaning be was inspired by the Holy Spirit to write what he did.

36
Q

What is Catherine LaCugna’s modern version of describing the Trinity

A
  • The Trinity is three persons united in love - the Holy Spirit is the love that unites Father and Son
  • God’s love constantly flows from the Trinity to believers
  • The Son came to earth to bring people into relationship with the Father (Incarnation)
  • The Holy Spirit continually guides people towards the Father (heaven) (Redemption)
37
Q

What are 2 similarities between St Augustine and LaCunga describing the Trinity

A
  • Both St. Augustine and La Cugna stress the role in the life of the Trinity
  • They both recognise the importance of eternal relationship between the Father, Son, and Spirit
38
Q

What are 2 differences between St Augustine and LaCunga describing the Trinity

A
  • La Cugna stresses that humans can know the Trinity through what the Trinity reveals: it’s outwards effects. This revelation allows humans too to share in the life of the Trinity
  • St.Augustine focuses more on the relationship within the Trinity. He acknowledges that this flows outwards into the lives of believers, but believes it is the inner relationship of the Trinity that is essential
39
Q

Bible Quote that shows the idea behind Baptism

A

“Because you are children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts.”

(Galatians 4:6)

40
Q

What are the 2 meanings of the quote on Baptism

“Because you are children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts.”

A
  1. Christians can have a close relationship with God (through baptism they can become a ‘child of God’)
  2. The Holy Spirit is shared with all believers in baptism.
41
Q

How were Early Christians Baptised (and what does it symbolise)

A

Early Christians were baptised by being fully submerged under water - this symbolises joining Jesus in the tomb after his death.

Rising up and out of the water symbolised joining in with Jesus’ ressurection - starting a new life as a Christian

(The symbolsim is the same today, however, the practice in the Catholic Church is only pouring of water on a person’s head, not full submersion)

42
Q

What does the Catholic Baptism symbolise (what is it believed to show/happen + 4 things it symbolises)

A

Only a small amount of water is poured in the head… but the idea of joining with Jesus’ death and resurrectionnis exactly the same

It symbolises:

  1. A new stage of life as a Christian (child of God)
  2. The joining in with Jesus’ death and ressurrection
  3. Committing the person’s life to God
  4. The use of water represents the Holy Spirit
43
Q

What is the Importance of Baptism for Christians

A
  • Christians share in Christ’s victory over sin and death (this gives Christians, if they lead a faithful life, the opportunity to go to heaven)
  • It’s pledge that the person will join God in heaven after they die
  • It cleanses the person of Original Sin
  • They are filled with the Holy Spirit giving them the strength to resist evil
44
Q

Which Christian Denominations don’t believe Baptism is a sign of inititaion?

A

For all Christians today, except the Quakers and the Salvation Army, baptism is a sign of initiation through which a person becomes a member of the Church.

45
Q

What do the Quakers believe on areas such as Baptism? (compared to the Catholic Church)

A
  • They don’t regard some activities as more sacred than others, nor do they believe that any particular ritual is needed to get in touch with God, so they do not believe in the sacraments
  • Instead of using ‘holy’ rituals, Quakers attempt to carry the sacred nature into every part of their life. So, for example, they say that Baptism should not be “a single act of initiation” but continuing growth in the Holy Spirit and a commitment that must continually renewed.
  • Quakers do not celebrate festivals such Easter and Christmas, they believe that the events celebrated at such festivals (e.g the ressurection and the incarnation) should be kept in mind throughout the year
  • Quakers believe that if they wait silently for God, there will be times when God will speak directly to them
46
Q

Mission Definition

A

Taking action to help others, often through providing education or health care

47
Q

Evangelism Definition

A

Preaching the gospel using words

48
Q

How do some Missionary Charities (supported by Christians) help the needs of others

A

Some Christians support missionary charities, which are for the needs of other by:

  • Helping poor people develop better lifestyles
  • By providing education
  • By providing medical care
  • Giving guidance on farming technqiues
  • Helping give access to water supplies
  • Helping with irrigation methods
49
Q

What costs do some Evangelists face because they want to help others

A

Some Christians evangelise about Jesus because they want to help others. However, this can come at a great personal cost. For example:

  • Many evangelists have to face ridicule
  • Many evangelists have to face persecution - even up to the point of death as people try to stop them from preaching
50
Q

Some Quotes from Tradition, Magesterium, and Scripture on Mission and Evangelism

A

“If you see charity (love), you see the Trinity”
(St. Augustine)

“The entire activity of the Church is an expression of a love that seeks the integral good of man”
(Deus Caritas)

“Those who love God must love their brother and sisters also”
(John 4: 20-21)

“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”
(Matthew 28: 18-20)

51
Q

What is Prayer

A

Christians believe God is relational - can be known

Prayer is often referred to as ‘rasing the heart and mind to God’. Prayer us basically a conversation where the believer opens himself up to the presence of God. This conversation demands listening as well as talking.

52
Q

What is Traditional Prayer

A

Traditional prayers are prayers that have been passed down over generations of believers

53
Q

What is Spontaneous Prayer

A

Spontaneous prayers are done suddenly or without any set format, and involves choosing your own words to say

54
Q

What are some regularly used Traditional Prayers

A

Some traditional prayers that are used regularly include Our Father, the Hail Mary, and the Glory be to the Father.

55
Q

How do people know what to say in Spontaneous Prayer

A

People who use spontaneous prayer believe that the Spirit guides them in what to say. They may want to offer their own prayers and have concerns they want to share with God.

56
Q

What are 3 positives about Traditional Prayer

A
  • Traditional prayers already have words laid out, so people do not have to think of their own words to use
  • People want the words to create a feeling of ease so that they can become open to the presence of God, rather than being distracted by the words
  • They can bring comfort to people who are upset, or those who really want to focus on God. It is immmidiately avaliable and comforting and can bring strength.
57
Q

What is it when people can speak in tongues in spontaneous prayer

A

Sometimes, people can speak in tongues, called glossolalia. This is when the person is so totally taken over by the Spirit that they do not know what they are saying, they are just aware of the desire to praise and thank God.

58
Q

Where do Christians believe Spontaneous Prayer comes from in a person and why its better than Traditional Prayer

A

Christians believe that spontaneous prayer comes from the heart and reflects how the person is feeling at that moment. Some people think this form of prayer is more sincere than traditional prayer as it reflects the person’s individual relationship with God.

59
Q

What does Praying With Hands Joined show

A

Joined hands is a sign for asking. The person is making a request for help from God, acknowledging their depednence on God

60
Q

What does Praying With Hands Open show

A

Open hands is a sign of praise and acceptance of all that God will send

61
Q

What does Praying While Sitting show

A

People often sit to have a conversation as it is more of a comfortable positon, which allows people to focus more on what is being said. Sitting in the presence of God shows believers are in no physical discomfort and are ready to listen.

62
Q

What does Praying While Standing show

A

Standing can show respect for the authority of God and acceptance that God has permitted the person to be there. It also shows respect for God’s word, which is why Catholics stand to greet the gospel at Mass. It shows readiness to act on behalf of God, to make God’s will a reality in the person’s life.

63
Q

What does Praying While Bowing show

A

To bow is to lower part of the upper body. Different cultures use different degrees of bowing, but they all show respect for the person or God. It shows the beleiver reveres God and acknowledges him to be great, and bowing is a sign of praise to God.

64
Q

What does Praying When Genuflecting show

A

Genuflecting literally means ‘bending the knee’. It is going down on one knee as a sign of respect - Catholics genuflect as they enter the church, or as they pass the tabernacle, as an acknowledgment of Christ’s presence.

65
Q

What does Praying While Kneeling show

A

Kneeling shows that the person is submissive to the will of God. It is a posture which acknowledges that God is in a position of authority and that the person praying is humble before God. It also is a position that is asking for forgiveness and pardon for what the person has done wrong, knowing that they do not deserve forgiveness, but that God in his mercy is all loving and all forgiving.

66
Q

What does Praying While Standing With Arms Raised Above The Head show

A

The position is one that shows praise of the greatness of God. It focuses more on God ‘above’, in heaven, where God’s glory is revealed and from where God’s love and power descends. The person in this position is defenceless and totally open to God.

67
Q

What 8 Postures can be used when Praying

A

You can Pray:

  • With Hands Joined
  • With Open Hands
  • Sitting
  • Standing
  • Bowing
  • Genuflecting
  • Kneeling
  • Standing With Arms Raised Above The Head
68
Q

Should Music be used in Worship (+ what council confirmed this) (What was used beforehand)

A

The Second Vatican Council (V2), in 1962, stressed the benefits of using music in worship (liturgy) - and many Christians agree?

Before this, mass used to be said in latin, with the priest with his back to the congregation, with little music.

69
Q

Why is Music important in Worship

A
  • It unites people… gives a sense of community
  • Makes worship more beautiful, joyful, or solemn
  • Creates a sense of mystery… of God’s presence
  • Helps us feel involves
  • Expresses God’s greatness (through sound and volume)

Music is important in Worship because it brings us closer to God.

70
Q

What are Psalms and how are they used in Worship

A

The psalms are a book of poems praising God (Old Testament). Many psalms are also hymns, for example, The Lord Is My Shepherd.

Psalms and readings are said by every priest, monk, and nun four times a day. This is called the ‘Divine office’

71
Q

Plainchant:

  • Definition
  • Description
  • Examples
  • Why is it used in Worship? How does it make you feel?
A

Definition:
An ancient form of song (from 100CE)

Description:

  • Unaccompanied (by musical instruments)
  • Limited range of notes

Examples:
-The Our Father
-Soul of my Saviour
(All prayers can be used)

Why is it used in Worhsip? How does it make you feel?:

  • It is often used in monestries, and latin masses.
  • It is relaxing, nice to listen to, and encourages reflection.
72
Q

Traditional Hymns:

  • Definition
  • Description
  • Examples
  • Why is it used in Worship? How does it make you feel?
A

Definition:
Religious songs used by generations

Description:
Usually accompanied by an organ

Examples:

  • Guide Me O Thou Great Redeemer
  • Soul Of My Saviour
  • Non Nobis Domine

Why is it used in Worhsip? How does it make you feel?:

  • It helps people feel involved in the worship
  • Most masses, and school assembelies used traditional hymns
73
Q

Contemporary Worhsip:

  • Definition
  • Description
  • Examples
  • Why is it used in Worship? How does it make you feel?
A

Definition:
Modern worship songs

Description:
Use modern instruments (guitars, drums, e.c.t)

Examples:

  • Here I Am To Worship
  • 10,000 Reasons

Why is it used in Worhsip? How does it make you feel?:

  • It’s more upbeat
  • It encourages young people to enjoy mass/worship
  • It is reflective as well as upbeat.
74
Q

Mass Settings:

  • Definition
  • Description
  • Examples
  • Why is it used in Worship? How does it make you feel?
A

Definition:
.

Description:
.

Examples:
.

Why is it used in Worhsip? How does it make you feel?:
.

75
Q

Definitions Of:

  • Eucharist
  • Acclamations
  • Allelulia
  • The Sanctus
  • Consecration
A

Eucharist:
‘Thanksgiving’ to God.

Acclamations:
Statements which praise God with great enthusiam.

Allelulia:
Means ‘praise God’

The Sanctus:
Hymn praising God’s holiness

Consecration:
The bread and wine becoming the body and blood of Christ

76
Q

What are the 2 Eucharistic Acclamations

A

The Sanctus and the Mystery of Faith are Eucharist Acclamations (as they are around the Eucharistic Prayer)

77
Q

What is the Gloria Acclamation and what is it’s purpose, and when is it sung/not sung

A
  • A hymn praising God’s glory and goodness
  • It aims to convey thankfullness to God for his care and love
  • There are many different version (plainchant and modern)
  • It is NOT said during Advent and Lent - the penitential (sorrowful period)
78
Q

What is the Allelulia Acclamation and what is it’s purpose, and when is it sung/not sung

A
  • A Hebrew word meaning ‘Praise God’
  • A hymn of joy and triumph
  • It is said, or sung, to introduced the gospel at every mass
  • It greets Christ as the Word of God
  • At Eastern Vigil it is sung three times to announce the ressurrection of Jesus
  • It should NOT be used during Lent (a penitential season)
79
Q

What is the Sanctus Acclamation and what is it’s purpose, and when is it sung/not sung

A
  • Sanctus is a latin word meaning holy, so this is a hymn that praises God’s holiness
  • It is based on the book of Isaiah when the angels cried out: “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts”
  • The repitition of ‘holy’ 3 times reminds us of the Triune God
  • It is said or sung before the Eucharistic prayer
  • It can be said/sung jubilantly or reflectively
  • It is NOT used during the sorrowful seasons of Advent and Lent
80
Q

What is the Mystery of Faith Acclamation and what is it’s purpose, and when is it sung/not sung

A
  • “We proclaim your Death, O Lord, and profess your Ressurrection, until you come again”
  • Said/sung immidiately after the consecration
  • It recognises the mystery that Jesus is present through the consecration
  • Recognises that Jesus’ life, death, and ressurrection shows the depth of God’s love for all people
  • It is said or sung powerfully and whole heartedly!
81
Q

What are the 4 Acclamations (+ What are the 2 Eucharistic Acclamations)

A
  • The Gloria
  • The Allelulia
  • The Sanctus *
  • The Mystery Of Faith *
  • The Sanctus and the Mystery of Faith are Eucharist Acclamations (as they are around the Eucharistic Prayer)
82
Q

What are the 4 types of music seen in worship

A
  • Plainchant (Gregorian Chant)
  • Traditional Hymns
  • Contemporary Music
  • Mass Settings

(GCSE) Religious Studies (10 decks)

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