Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTORY: The Cold War > The Transformation Of The Cold War > Flashcards

The Transformation Of The Cold War Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built?

A

13 August 1961

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of wall was the Berlin Wall to begin with?

A

Barbed wire fence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When was the Berlin Wall made into an actual concrete wall?

A

16 August 1961 - 3 days later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Between when did the Berlin Wall stand?

A

August 1961 - November 1989

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Checkpoint Charlie (3)

A
  • Checkpoint Charlie = a guarded crossing point between East + West Berlin.
  • On 27 October 1961, there was a tense standoff between American + Soviet tanks - the Cold War could easily have turned into a hot war.
  • The crisis lasted 18 hours until an agreement was reached + both sides began to slowly back down.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reasons for the Berlin Wall (5)

A
  • kept important East Berliners in E.Berlin
  • protection against Allied spies
  • Khrushchev wanted complete removal of allied troops from the city
  • save reputation of communism + consolidate control
  • prove to China that the USSR could stand up to the USA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many East Berliners left E.Berlin a day? (before the wall)

A

2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why did the USSR not like East Berliners leaving to go the West? (2)

A

They were losing highly skilled + well-qualified workers

Almost proved people liked the West / the idea of capitalism better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why did the USSR want to protect against US spying? (Berlin Wall) (2)

A
  • The U2 incident showed the US use of espionage + that they could not be trusted
  • Soviets believed there were spy centres in the East that the USA used for spying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who invaded at the Bay of Pigs?

A

Exiled Cubans with the support of US bombers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why did exiled Cubans invade at the Bay of Pigs?

A

To try and overthrow Castro (who had turned Cuba into a communist dictatorship)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many Cuban troops did the exiles face at the Bay of Pigs?

A

20000 Cuban troops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why were the Cuban exiles easily defeated at the Bay of Pigs?

A

They were hugely outnumbered (1400 v 20000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did Cuban exiles + US bombers invade at the Bay of Pigs?

A

(April) 1961

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many Cuban exiles invaded the Bay of Pigs?

A

1400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When did Castro overthrow Batista in Cuba?

A

1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was Batista? (Cuba) (3)

A

Batista = leader of Cuba before 1959

  • pro-American
  • capitalist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was Castro? (Cuba) (3)

A

Castro overthrew Batista (1959) and turned Cuba into a communist dictatorship
- signed a trade deal with the USSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What class of Cubans were Castro’s policies unpopular with and what happened to them?

A 
Middle class Cubans
They were driven into exile in the USA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why was it a problem for USA if there were missiles on communist Cuba?

A

Cuba is 90 miles south of Florida —> missiles could easily hit the USA’s largest cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When did a U2 spy plane discover nuclear missile sites being built in Cuba?

A

14 October 1962

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did a U2 spy plane discover in Cuba in October 1962?

A

Nuclear missile sites being built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many days after the discovery of Cuban missile sites were Soviet warships seen sailing to Cuba carrying missiles?

A

2 days after

24
Q

How many Soviet warships were seen sailing to Cuba after the discovery of missile sites?

A

18 warships

25
Q

What does Kennedy do to prevent Soviet warships delivering missiles to the Cuban sites?

A

A naval blockade

26
Q

What does Kennedy use a naval blockade to do? (Cuban Missile Crisis)

A

Prevent Soviet warships delivering missiles to Cuban missile sites

27
Q

What happens after the naval blockade? (Cuban Missile Crisis)

A

The ships turn back

Khrushchev sends his 2 telegrams asking different things of Kennedy

28
Q

What did Khrushchev write in his first telegram? (Cuban Missile Crisis)

A

offered to dismantle Cuban bases if Kennedy lifted the blockade + promised not to invade Cuba

29
Q

What did Khrushchev write in his second telegram? (Cuban Missile Crisis)

A

Demanded dismantling of USA’s Turkish Missile bases in return for the Cuban bases being dismantled (as well as the other things he said in his first telegram)

30
Q

How does Kennedy respond to Khrushchev’s telegrams? (Cuban Missile Crisis)

A

He agrees publicly to the first telegram + secretly to the second

31
Q

What were the results of the Cuban Missile Crisis? (3)

A
  • missiles removed from Cuba + Turkey
  • direct phone line set up between the White House + Kremlin
  • West saw Kennedy as the hero who faced down communism but really Khrushchev achieved both his aims (US never bothered Cuba again + US missile sites in Turkey dismantled in 1962)
32
Q

When was a direct phone line set up between the White House and the Kremlin as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

1963

33
Q

What was ‘Duck and Cover’?

A

Film shown to children in USA to warn them of what to do in a nuclear attack
- they were being taught all over the country ways to survive so the nuclear threat must have been real + very scary

34
Q

Why did MAD mean that nuclear war was unlikely?

A

No side would attack first as they knew the attack would be returned

35
Q

What brought Alexander Dubcek to power in Czechoslovakia? (2)

A

Protests grew throughout the 1960s + people demanded change

- Dubcek saw the need for reform

36
Q

What was the period of change called in Czechoslovakia called?

A

Prague Spring (series of reforms)

37
Q

What did Dubcek promise as part of the Prague Spring? (phrase)

A

Communism with a human face (softer version)

38
Q

What reforms were introduced in the Prague Spring? (5)

A
  • increase living standards
  • more democracy
  • increase Western trade
  • abolish press censorship
  • free travel
39
Q

How and why did Dubcek try to reassure Brezhnev in the Prague Spring?

A

He was mindful of events in Hungary so tried to reassure Brezhnev that his changes would not threaten the USSR’s security - that Czechoslovakia would not leave the Warsaw Pact
Brezhnev was unconvinced

40
Q

When did the Soviets + other Warsaw Pact countries invade Czechoslovakia?

A

20 August 1968

41
Q

How many troops invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968?

A

50000

42
Q

What was most Czech resistance like to the invasion of Soviet + W.Pact troops?

A

Non-violent

Most took the form of demonstrations and sit-ins

43
Q

What happens after Soviet forces crush Czech resistance? (to Dubcek)

A

Dubcek is taken to Moscow, made to abandon reform programme, forced to resign + expelled from communist party

44
Q

Who takes over Czechoslovakia from Dubcek + what does he do?

A

Gustav Husak

Returns country to old ways

45
Q

When was the Brezhnev Doctrine made up?

A

3 August 1968

46
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

A

Said that the Soviet Union promised to intervene if any communist state appeared to be abandoning communism

47
Q

When did the Brezhnev Doctrine remain in force until?

A

1989

48
Q

What is Détente?

A

The relaxing of Cold War tension

49
Q

When was Détente?

A

Late 1960s - early 1970s

50
Q

What factors encourage Détente?

A
  • military spending was very costly
  • both sides had stockpiles of weapons that could destroy the Earth many times over
  • Nixon keen to talk with Brezhnev + B keen to extend policy of peaceful coexistence
51
Q

Why was military spending becoming a problem for the USA + USSR by the late 1960s?

A

USA was experiencing economic problems including rising inflation
USSR needed to expand its world trade to improve living standards

52
Q

Who was involved in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A

USA, USSR, Britain

53
Q

When was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty signed?

A

1968

54
Q

What was the aim of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A

Stopping the spread of nuclear weapons + technology

55
Q

After how many years of talks was the SALT agreement reached?

A

After 3 years of talks

56
Q

When was the SALT agreement reached?

A

1972

57
Q

What were the main parts of the SALT agreement?

A

Limited number of ICBMs + ABMs on both sides

Allowed each side to use spy satellites to check on the other side

HISTORY: The Cold War (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions