The Origins Of The Cold War

Question 1

4 main reasons for the Cold War

Answer 1

Differing ideologies
Disagreement over terms of Treaty of Versailles
1917 Russian Revolution
Disagreement over governing post-war Europe

Question 2

Who were the leaders at Yalta?

Answer 2

Stalin
Churchill
Roosevelt

Question 3

Who were the leaders at Potsdam?

Answer 3

Stalin
Atlee
Truman

Question 4

When was the Yalta Conference?

Answer 4

4th - 11th February 1945

Question 5

When was the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 5

End of July 1945

Question 6

When was the Potsdam Agreement signed?

Answer 6

August 1945

Question 7

What was agreed at Yalta? (5)

Answer 7

• Germany + Berlin divided into 4 zones
• United Nations would be formed to ensure future international cooperation
• free elections to be held in liberated Eastern European countries (part of ‘Declaration of Liberated Europe’)
• Germany was to pay reparations
• ‘Government of National Unity’ to be set up in Poland (coalition gov of communists + capitalists)

Question 8

What was agreed at Potsdam? (5)

Answer 8

• details of boundaries between zones
• amount of reparations Germany would have to pay
• the Nazi party would be banned + all its leaders would be tried as war criminals
• Poland would lose some of territory in the east to the USSR
• Germans living in Poland, Hungary + Czechoslovakia would be returned to Germany

Question 9

When was the first atomic bomb dropped?

Answer 9

6 August 1945

Question 10

Where did the USA drop the first atomic bomb?

Answer 10

Hiroshima

Question 11

How many people were killed outright in Hiroshima?

Answer 11

78000

Question 12

How many people in Hiroshima were dead by the end of the year?

Answer 12

140000

Question 13

How many buildings were destroyed in Hiroshima?

Answer 13

70000

Question 14

How many people in Nagasaki were dead by the end of the year?

Answer 14

80000

Question 15

How many buildings were destroyed in Nagasaki?

Answer 15

78000

Question 16

When did USA drop their second atomic bomb?

Answer 16

9 August 1945

Question 17

Where did the USA drop their second atomic bomb?

Answer 17

Nagasaki

Question 18

When did Japan surrender after the 2 atomic bombs?

Answer 18

2 September (ending WW2)

Question 19

5 Reasons for the dropping of the USA’s atomic bombs

Answer 19

Force Japan to surrender
Revenge for Pearl Harbour
Prove superiority in the Arms race
Alarm the USSR + show their power
Revenge for the cruel way Japan treated US POWs

Question 20

When did Churchill make his Iron Curtain Speech?

Answer 20

March 1946

Question 21

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Bulgaria?

Answer 21

Rigged elections

Abolishment of the monarchy

Question 22

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Romania?

Answer 22

Coalition gov dominated by communists set up
Intimidation of the King
Monarchy abolished

Question 23

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Poland?

Answer 23

Coalition gov dominated by Lublin communists

Rigged elections

Question 24

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Hungary?

Answer 24

Rigged elections

All non-communist parties banned

Question 25

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Czechoslovakia?

Answer 25

Coalition gov set up Seized power using armed force + arrested non-communists Rigged elections

Question 26

What is the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 26

Set of ideas laid down by Truman to help support countries against communist influence

Question 27

What was the main aim of the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 27

Containment to prevent the domino effect

Question 28

Why was the Truman Doctrine developed?

Answer 28

Because the Greek government appealed to the USA for funding to help them fight their civil war against communists after Britain was unable to continue their support by 1947

Question 29

When was the Truman Doctrine made up?

Answer 29

1947

Question 30

How much was Truman granted by congress to help Greece in their civil war?

Answer 30

$400 million | Enough to help Turkey too - prevent domino effect

Question 31

When was the communist threat to Greece stopped? (Truman Doctrine)

Answer 31

1949

Question 32

When was the Marshall Plan announced to the world?

Answer 32

June 1947

Question 33

What was the Marshall Plan? (3)

Answer 33

USA lending money, aid and resources to countries damaged by war Part of a European Recovery Programme (ERP) Actually more political - helping countries in danger of falling to communism (poorer = more likely to be a target for communism)

Question 34

By 1953, how much aid ($) had the USA provided and to how many countries?

Answer 34

$17 billion in aid to 16 countries

Question 35

How did the Marshall Plan boost US economy?

Answer 35

The aid was offered in return for investment in American goods + industries

Question 36

When was Cominform set up?

Answer 36

(September) 1947

Question 37

What was Cominform?

Answer 37

Information sharing link for communism countries

Question 38

What was Comecon?

Answer 38

Economic bloc (trading organisation) of communist countries

Question 39

When was Comecon set up?

Answer 39

(January) 1949

Question 40

When did Yugoslavia turn communist?

Answer 40

1946

Question 41

Who was the president of Yugoslavia?

Answer 41

Tito

Question 42

When did Yugoslavia begin accepting Marshall Aid?

Answer 42

1948

Question 43

How big (£) was the trade deal between Yugoslavia and Britain?

Answer 43

£30 million

Question 44

Was Yugoslavia under USSR influence?

Answer 44

No - it was independent

Question 45

When was the Berlin Blockade put in place?

Answer 45

24th June 1948

Question 46

What was the the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 46

Stalin closed all roads, canals and railways that led from West Germany to West Berlin (closed off access)

Question 47

Why did Stalin put the Berlin Blockade in place?(3)

Answer 47

- formation of Bizonia, which then stopped taking reparations - West Germany started receiving Marshall Aid - Introduction of the Deutschmark info West Germany (caused an economic crisis in East Germany)

Question 48

What year did West Germany start accepting Marshall Aid?

Answer 48

1948

Question 49

When was the Deutschmark introduced into West Germany?

Answer 49

23rd June 1948

Question 50

What was the new currency called that was introduced to West Germany?

Answer 50

The Deutschmark

Question 51

How many days did the Berlin Blockade last?

Answer 51

318

Question 52

Why did the West choose to do an airlift? (2)

Answer 52

They needed a non-aggressive way of stopping West Berliners from starving They didn’t want to surrender and give into Stalin

Question 53

How many people lived in West Berlin during the Airlift?

Answer 53

2 million

Question 54

How many airports were there in West Berlin?

Answer 54

3

Question 55

How many air corridors did the West have to West Berlin?

Answer 55

3

Question 56

When was the first flight of the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 56

26th June 1948

Question 57

By October, how many flights were there a day to Berlin as part of the Airlift?

Answer 57

600

Question 58

By Christmas, how many trips had there been? (Berlin Airlift)

Answer 58

100,000

Question 59

By Christmas how many tonnes of resources had been carried into Berlin? (Berlin Airlift)

Answer 59

730,000

Question 60

In the Berlin Airlift, a plane landed or took off every ... from one of Berlin’s three airports

Answer 60

90 seconds

Question 61

How long did the Berlin Blockade/Airlift last?

Answer 61

10.5 months

Question 62

When did the Berlin Blockade/Airlift end?

Answer 62

12 May 1949

Question 63

Negative for the West of the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 63

Very costly

Question 64

Positive for the West of the Berlin Airlift? (2)

Answer 64

Ended ill-feeling between USA and it’s former enemy, Germany | West showed their determination to resist communism