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HISTORY: The Cold War > The Origins Of The Cold War > Flashcards

The Origins Of The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

4 main reasons for the Cold War

A

Differing ideologies
Disagreement over terms of Treaty of Versailles
1917 Russian Revolution
Disagreement over governing post-war Europe

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2
Q

Who were the leaders at Yalta?

A

Stalin
Churchill
Roosevelt

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3
Q

Who were the leaders at Potsdam?

A

Stalin
Atlee
Truman

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4
Q

When was the Yalta Conference?

A

4th - 11th February 1945

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5
Q

When was the Potsdam Conference?

A

End of July 1945

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6
Q

When was the Potsdam Agreement signed?

A

August 1945

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7
Q

What was agreed at Yalta? (5)

A
  • Germany + Berlin divided into 4 zones
  • United Nations would be formed to ensure future international cooperation
  • free elections to be held in liberated Eastern European countries (part of ‘Declaration of Liberated Europe’)
  • Germany was to pay reparations
  • ‘Government of National Unity’ to be set up in Poland (coalition gov of communists + capitalists)
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8
Q

What was agreed at Potsdam? (5)

A
  • details of boundaries between zones
  • amount of reparations Germany would have to pay
  • the Nazi party would be banned + all its leaders would be tried as war criminals
  • Poland would lose some of territory in the east to the USSR
  • Germans living in Poland, Hungary + Czechoslovakia would be returned to Germany
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9
Q

When was the first atomic bomb dropped?

A

6 August 1945

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10
Q

Where did the USA drop the first atomic bomb?

A

Hiroshima

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11
Q

How many people were killed outright in Hiroshima?

A

78000

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12
Q

How many people in Hiroshima were dead by the end of the year?

A

140000

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13
Q

How many buildings were destroyed in Hiroshima?

A

70000

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14
Q

How many people in Nagasaki were dead by the end of the year?

A

80000

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15
Q

How many buildings were destroyed in Nagasaki?

A

78000

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16
Q

When did USA drop their second atomic bomb?

A

9 August 1945

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17
Q

Where did the USA drop their second atomic bomb?

A

Nagasaki

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18
Q

When did Japan surrender after the 2 atomic bombs?

A

2 September (ending WW2)

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19
Q

5 Reasons for the dropping of the USA’s atomic bombs

A 
Force Japan to surrender
Revenge for Pearl Harbour
Prove superiority in the Arms race
Alarm the USSR + show their power
Revenge for the cruel way Japan treated US POWs
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20
Q

When did Churchill make his Iron Curtain Speech?

A

March 1946

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21
Q

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Bulgaria?

A

Rigged elections

Abolishment of the monarchy

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22
Q

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Romania?

A

Coalition gov dominated by communists set up
Intimidation of the King
Monarchy abolished

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23
Q

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Poland?

A

Coalition gov dominated by Lublin communists

Rigged elections

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24
Q

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Hungary?

A

Rigged elections

All non-communist parties banned

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25
Q

Which methods did Stalin use to take over Czechoslovakia?

A

Coalition gov set up
Seized power using armed force + arrested non-communists
Rigged elections

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26
Q

What is the Truman Doctrine?

A

Set of ideas laid down by Truman to help support countries against communist influence

27
Q

What was the main aim of the Truman Doctrine?

A

Containment to prevent the domino effect

28
Q

Why was the Truman Doctrine developed?

A

Because the Greek government appealed to the USA for funding to help them fight their civil war against communists after Britain was unable to continue their support by 1947

29
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine made up?

A

1947

30
Q

How much was Truman granted by congress to help Greece in their civil war?

A

$400 million

Enough to help Turkey too - prevent domino effect

31
Q

When was the communist threat to Greece stopped? (Truman Doctrine)

A

1949

32
Q

When was the Marshall Plan announced to the world?

A

June 1947

33
Q

What was the Marshall Plan? (3)

A

USA lending money, aid and resources to countries damaged by war
Part of a European Recovery Programme (ERP)
Actually more political - helping countries in danger of falling to communism (poorer = more likely to be a target for communism)

34
Q

By 1953, how much aid ($) had the USA provided and to how many countries?

A

$17 billion in aid to 16 countries

35
Q

How did the Marshall Plan boost US economy?

A

The aid was offered in return for investment in American goods + industries

36
Q

When was Cominform set up?

A

(September) 1947

37
Q

What was Cominform?

A

Information sharing link for communism countries

38
Q

What was Comecon?

A

Economic bloc (trading organisation) of communist countries

39
Q

When was Comecon set up?

A

(January) 1949

40
Q

When did Yugoslavia turn communist?

A

1946

41
Q

Who was the president of Yugoslavia?

A

Tito

42
Q

When did Yugoslavia begin accepting Marshall Aid?

A

1948

43
Q

How big (£) was the trade deal between Yugoslavia and Britain?

A

£30 million

44
Q

Was Yugoslavia under USSR influence?

A

No - it was independent

45
Q

When was the Berlin Blockade put in place?

A

24th June 1948

46
Q

What was the the Berlin Blockade?

A

Stalin closed all roads, canals and railways that led from West Germany to West Berlin (closed off access)

47
Q

Why did Stalin put the Berlin Blockade in place?(3)

A
  • formation of Bizonia, which then stopped taking reparations
  • West Germany started receiving Marshall Aid
  • Introduction of the Deutschmark info West Germany (caused an economic crisis in East Germany)
48
Q

What year did West Germany start accepting Marshall Aid?

A

1948

49
Q

When was the Deutschmark introduced into West Germany?

A

23rd June 1948

50
Q

What was the new currency called that was introduced to West Germany?

A

The Deutschmark

51
Q

How many days did the Berlin Blockade last?

A

318

52
Q

Why did the West choose to do an airlift? (2)

A

They needed a non-aggressive way of stopping West Berliners from starving
They didn’t want to surrender and give into Stalin

53
Q

How many people lived in West Berlin during the Airlift?

A

2 million

54
Q

How many airports were there in West Berlin?

A

3

55
Q

How many air corridors did the West have to West Berlin?

A

3

56
Q

When was the first flight of the Berlin Airlift?

A

26th June 1948

57
Q

By October, how many flights were there a day to Berlin as part of the Airlift?

A

600

58
Q

By Christmas, how many trips had there been? (Berlin Airlift)

A

100,000

59
Q

By Christmas how many tonnes of resources had been carried into Berlin? (Berlin Airlift)

A

730,000

60
Q

In the Berlin Airlift, a plane landed or took off every … from one of Berlin’s three airports

A

90 seconds

61
Q

How long did the Berlin Blockade/Airlift last?

A

10.5 months

62
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade/Airlift end?

A

12 May 1949

63
Q

Negative for the West of the Berlin Airlift?

A

Very costly

64
Q

Positive for the West of the Berlin Airlift? (2)

A

Ended ill-feeling between USA and it’s former enemy, Germany

West showed their determination to resist communism

HISTORY: The Cold War (5 decks)

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