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Block 4 Module 2 > The Torso > Flashcards

The Torso Flashcards

1
Q

the 3 bony cavities

A

thoracic
cranial
pelvic

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2
Q

bony parts of the thorax include:

A

12 vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs and its cart
sternum

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3
Q

It is where the anesthesiologist locate

the intervertebral spaces

A

Thoracic vertebral spinous process

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4
Q

the framework of the walls of the thorax is referred to as

A

thoracic cage

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5
Q

the thoracic cage is formed by ______behind, _____ and _____ on either side, and the ______ and ______ in front

A

vertebral column;
ribs & intercostal spaces;
sternum & costal cart

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6
Q

the cavity of the thorax can be divided into a median partition called

A

mediastinum

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7
Q

thin membrane covering of the lung

A

visceral pleura

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8
Q

this lies in the midline of the anterior chest wall

A

sternum

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9
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

manubrium sterni
body of the sternum
xiphoid process

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10
Q

Upper part of the sternum

A

manubrium

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11
Q

the manubrium articulates with the what?

A

body of the sternum at the manubriosternal joint

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12
Q

the body of the sternum articulates above with the ______ and below with the _____

A

manubriosternal joint;

xiphisternal joint

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13
Q

thin plate of cartilage that becomes ossified at its proximal end during adult life

A

xiphoid process

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14
Q

how is the sternal angle formed?

A

by the articulation of the manubrium w/ the body of the sternum

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15
Q

the sternal angle lies opposite the ______ between the ____&___ thoracic vertebrae

A

intervertebral disc;

4th and 5th

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16
Q

the xiphisternal joint lies where?

A

opposite the body of the ninth thoracic vertebra

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17
Q

why is it that the sternum is a common site for marrow biopsy?

A

it possesses red hematopoietic marrow throughout life

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18
Q

how many pair of ribis and where are they attached?

A

12 pairs; attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

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19
Q

What are true ribs and where are they atteched

A

the upper seven pairs, attached anteriorly to the sternum by their costal cartilages

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20
Q

what are false ribs

A

8th, - 10th pairs of ribs which are attached to each other and to the 7th by their costal cart and small synovial joints

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21
Q

What are floating ribs and where are they attached?

A

11th and 12th pairs, no attachment

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22
Q

true ribs or

A

vertebrosternal ribs

23
Q

8-10th ribs are also called

A

vertebrochondral

24
Q

apertures of the thorax

A

inlet/superior aperture

outlet/inferior aperture

25
Q

The inlet aperture is bounded by the

A

1st rib and its cart, 1st thoracic vert and the manubrium sterni

26
Q

The outlet aperture is bounded by the

A

xiphisternal junction,
lower six pairs of costal cartilages and
the 12th rib on its side and the body of
the 12th vertebra posteriorly

27
Q

Anterior bony references include

A 
midsternal line (midsagittal)
parasternal line
midclavicular line (clavicle palpated)
28
Q

Muscular References include

A 
Anterior axillary line
midaxillary line (POR is the lateral end of pec major)
posterior axillary line(por is the lat dorsae muscle)
29
Q

Posterior bony reference

A

scapular line

30
Q

The bony thorax function on the lungs

A

it resists the negative pressure (inspiration) and the recoil of the lung (expiration)

31
Q

The bony thorax & its wall provide attachment for muscles of the ______, ____- & ____

A

abdomen, neck, back

32
Q

principal muscle for ventilation

A

diaphragm

33
Q

muscles of respiration (inspiration)

A

external intercostals
interchondral part of internal intercostals
diaphragm

34
Q

muscles of respiration (expiraton)

A

internal intercostals

abdominal muscles

35
Q

function of the muscles at the posterior portion of the thorax

A

they anchor to the shoulder girdle and the head and neck area

36
Q

muscles of the back (superficial group)

A

trapezius
lat dorsi
rhomboids
levator scapula

37
Q

intermediate group

A

serratus posterior superior and inferior

38
Q

innervations of the thorax

A

intercostal spinal nerves

39
Q

layers of abdominal wall

A

skin
superficial fascia
deep fasica (rectus sheath)

40
Q

camper’s layer

A

panniculus adiposus (removed during liposuction)

41
Q

Superficial fascia layers

A

camper’s and scarpa’s layer

42
Q

this layer in the abdominal wall encloses the rectus abdominis muscle

A

deep fascia

43
Q

function of the deep fascia

A

encloses the rectus abdominis muscle

44
Q

function of the rectus abdominis

A

responsible for flexion of the spine

45
Q

how does the anterolateral muscles protect the abdominal viscera from injury

A

due to its constant muscle tone, it als puts viscera in its proper location

46
Q

why does the anterolateral muscles compress abdominal contents

A

to increase intra-abdominal pressure

e.g. micturaton, defacation and normal vaginal delivery

47
Q

site where hernias may occur

A

inguinal canal

descent of the testis

48
Q

Potential weak point

A

inguinal region

49
Q

types of herniation

A

direct - protrusion is thru hesselbach’s triangle
indirect - along the canal
femoral - thru the femoral canal

50
Q

other potential weak points

A 
umbilicus
linea semicircularis
epigastric
lumbar
(all devoid of musclar support)
51
Q

stretch marks brought by pregnancy

A

striae

52
Q

cut through here for fast access to abdominal cavity

A

linea alba

53
Q

why cut through the midline?

A

because nerves come from the sides

54
Q

applications for the lines of directions

A

subdivide the abdomen into discernable parts

Block 4 Module 2 (6 decks)

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