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Block 4 Module 2 > skull, vertebral column, spinal cord > Flashcards

skull, vertebral column, spinal cord Flashcards

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WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

Portion of the skull without the mandible

A

cranium

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2
Q

cranial vault or calvaria

A

neurocranium

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3
Q

difference between adult and newborn skull

A

sutures still open in newborns, will eventually fuse and weld together

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4
Q

diamond shaped, closes at 18mos

A

anterior fontanelle

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5
Q

forms the bregma

A

anterior fontanelle

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6
Q

forms the lambda

A

posterior fontanelle

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7
Q

triangle shaped, closes at end of 1st year

A

posterior fontanelle

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8
Q

forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbital cavity

A

Zygomatic bone

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9
Q

thinnest part of the lateral wall of the skull

A

Pterion

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10
Q

where the anteroinferior corner of the parietal bone

articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid

A

Pterion

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11
Q

the External occipital proturberance gives attachment to

A

muscles and the ligamentum nuchae

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12
Q

roghened elevation at the midline of the occipital bone

A

External occipital proturberance

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13
Q

projects downward and forward from

behind the ear

A

Mastoid process

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14
Q

grows as a result of the pull of the sternoleidomastoid muscle

A

mastoid process

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15
Q

lies anterior and medial to the mastoid
process and gives attachment to several muscles and
ligaments;

A

styloid process

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16
Q

Protruding portion of

the occipital bone outside the skull

A

External occipital proturberance

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17
Q

frontal-parietal suture

A

coronal

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18
Q

parietal-parietal

A

sagittal

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19
Q

parital-occipital

A

lambdoid

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20
Q

sharp upward projection of the ethmoid

bone in the midline for the attachment of the falx cerebri

A

crista galli

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21
Q

upper surface of the cribriform plate

supports the olfactory bulbs

A

Cribriform plate

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22
Q

small perforations

in the cribriform plate are for the

A

olfactory nerves.

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23
Q

a deep depression in the sphenoid bone

which lodges the pituitary gland.

A

Sella turcica

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24
Q

This separates the anterior and middle cranial fossa

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

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25
Q

separates middle and

posterior cranial fossa

A

petrous part of temporal bone

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26
Q

contains optic chiasma

A

chiasmatic notch

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27
Q

close to the confluence

of sinuses

A

Internal occipital protuberance

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28
Q

CSF leaking through the nose

A

Rhinorrhea

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29
Q

CSF leaking through the ears

A

Otorrhea

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30
Q

signs of frontal fracture

A

Raccoon’s eye

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31
Q

accumulation of blood in the middle ear

A

hemotypanum

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32
Q

fracture of the posterior fossa

A

bottle’s sign

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33
Q

zygomatic arch fracture, common sports injury in boxing

A

tripod fracture

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34
Q

blow to the eye,

A

blowout fracture

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35
Q

sunken eye

A

enophthalmus

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36
Q

double vision; eyes can’t move due to

entrapment of the extraocular muscles

A

Diplopia

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37
Q

entrapment of the _______ casus diplopia

A

extraocular muscles

38
Q

components of the 33 vertebrae

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
39
Q

Develop as a result of accomodation to the upright posture

A

curvatures of the spine

40
Q

Two types of curvatures

A

Primary (kyphotic)

2ndary ( lordotic)

41
Q

Primary curvatures

A

thoracic

sacral

42
Q

secondary curvatures

A

cervical

lumbar

43
Q

lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

44
Q

hunchback

A

kyphosis

45
Q

swayback

A

lordosis

46
Q

2 major parts of the vertebra

A

anterior part - vertebral body

posterior part - vertebral arch

47
Q

7 projections of the vertebra

A

3 non-articular

4 articular joints

48
Q

3 non-articular projections include

A

2 transverse process

1 spinous process

49
Q

4 articular joints include

A

2 superior

2 inferior

50
Q

2 components of the intervertebral discs

A

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrous

51
Q

component of the intervertebral disc that has gel-like matrix and high water content)

A

nucleus pulposus

52
Q

component of the intervertebral disc that surrounds nucleus and serves as shock absorber

A

annulus fibrous

53
Q

Between superior and inferior facets of adjacent

vertebrae

A

Zygapophyseal joints

54
Q

Allows gliding movements between the vertebrae

A

Zygapophyseal joints

55
Q

6 main ligaments

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal
  2. posterior longitudinal
  3. Ligamentum flavum
  4. interspinous ligament
  5. intertransverse ligament
  6. supraspinous ligament
56
Q

runs along the anterolateral portions of the vertebral

bodies and helps to prevent hyperextension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

57
Q

runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral body and
helps to prevent hyperflexion and herniation of the
intervertebral discs

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

58
Q

strong fibrous structure (pain sensitive)

A

ligamentum flavum

59
Q

between spinous processes

A

interspinous ligament

60
Q

between transverse processes

A

intertransverse ligament

61
Q

above spinous processes

A

supraspinous ligament

62
Q

components of cervical vertebrae

A

2 atypical vertebrae:
atlas(c1) axis (C2)
4 typical vertebrae (C3-C6)
1 transitional vertebra (C7)

63
Q

vertebra prominens

A

transitional vertebra

64
Q

char of this vertebrae: Transverse diameter is greater than anteroposterior
diameter and height

A

Cervical

65
Q

Describe the sipinous process of cervical vertebrae

A

short, slender and extended horizontally

66
Q

describe the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae

A

it houses the foramen of the blood vessels, gutter for spinal nerves

67
Q

describe the axis of the cervical vertebrae

A

has a peglike odontoid process (dens) that projects from

the superior surface of the body.

68
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

69
Q

distinguishing part of thoracic vertebrae

A

presence of a demifacet that articulates with the ribs

70
Q

the body of this vertebrae has equal transverse and anteroposterior diameters

A

Thoracic vertebrae

71
Q

The anterior is greater than poserior height in the body of this vertebrae

A

thoracic vertebrae

72
Q

the superior facets of the thoracic vertebrae faces

A

posteriorly and laterally

73
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

74
Q

describe the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae

A

broad, thick and extends horizontally

75
Q

describe the transverse process of the lumbar vertabrae

A

long slender and extends laterally

76
Q

the facets of lumbar vertebrae lie in the ________

A

sagittal plane

77
Q

number of sacral vertebrae

A

5 fused vertebrae

78
Q

where is the fusion of the sacral vertebrae

A

at the spinous process that forms the median sacral crest

79
Q

fused transverse and costal processes form the ______

A

sacroiliac and articular process

80
Q

usual causes of back pain

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus

81
Q

spinous process is chipped

A

Clay-Shoveler’s fracture

82
Q

usually at old age; presence of spurs

A

Spondylosis

83
Q

3 layers of the back muslces

A

superficial
middle
deep

84
Q

layer of back muscles that run upward and obliquely outward

A

superficial

85
Q

layer of back muscles that run parallel to vertebral column

A

middle

86
Q

layer of back muscles that run upward and obliquely inward

A

deep

87
Q

anterior muscles of the vertebral column

A

scalene
longus colli
lateral rectus capitis
quadratus lumborum

88
Q

Paired/ lateral bones

A

Frontal bone
Temporal bone
Parietal bone

89
Q

Unpaired medial bones of the neurocranium

A

Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

90
Q

Paired facial cranium

A 
Zygomatic
Maxillae
Nasal
Lacrimal
Palantine
Inferior conchae
91
Q

Unpaired facial cranium

A

Vomer

Mandible

Block 4 Module 2 (6 decks)

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