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Block 4 Module 2 > skull, vertebral column, spinal cord > Flashcards

skull, vertebral column, spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Portion of the skull without the mandible

A

cranium

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2
Q

cranial vault or calvaria

A

neurocranium

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3
Q

difference between adult and newborn skull

A

sutures still open in newborns, will eventually fuse and weld together

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4
Q

diamond shaped, closes at 18mos

A

anterior fontanelle

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5
Q

forms the bregma

A

anterior fontanelle

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6
Q

forms the lambda

A

posterior fontanelle

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7
Q

triangle shaped, closes at end of 1st year

A

posterior fontanelle

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8
Q

forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbital cavity

A

Zygomatic bone

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9
Q

thinnest part of the lateral wall of the skull

A

Pterion

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10
Q

where the anteroinferior corner of the parietal bone

articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid

A

Pterion

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11
Q

the External occipital proturberance gives attachment to

A

muscles and the ligamentum nuchae

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12
Q

roghened elevation at the midline of the occipital bone

A

External occipital proturberance

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13
Q

projects downward and forward from

behind the ear

A

Mastoid process

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14
Q

grows as a result of the pull of the sternoleidomastoid muscle

A

mastoid process

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15
Q

lies anterior and medial to the mastoid
process and gives attachment to several muscles and
ligaments;

A

styloid process

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16
Q

Protruding portion of

the occipital bone outside the skull

A

External occipital proturberance

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17
Q

frontal-parietal suture

A

coronal

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18
Q

parietal-parietal

A

sagittal

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19
Q

parital-occipital

A

lambdoid

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20
Q

sharp upward projection of the ethmoid

bone in the midline for the attachment of the falx cerebri

A

crista galli

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21
Q

upper surface of the cribriform plate

supports the olfactory bulbs

A

Cribriform plate

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22
Q

small perforations

in the cribriform plate are for the

A

olfactory nerves.

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23
Q

a deep depression in the sphenoid bone

which lodges the pituitary gland.

A

Sella turcica

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24
Q

This separates the anterior and middle cranial fossa

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

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25
separates middle and | posterior cranial fossa
petrous part of temporal bone
26
contains optic chiasma
chiasmatic notch
27
close to the confluence | of sinuses
Internal occipital protuberance
28
CSF leaking through the nose
Rhinorrhea
29
CSF leaking through the ears
Otorrhea
30
signs of frontal fracture
Raccoon's eye
31
accumulation of blood in the middle ear
hemotypanum
32
fracture of the posterior fossa
bottle's sign
33
zygomatic arch fracture, common sports injury in boxing
tripod fracture
34
blow to the eye,
blowout fracture
35
sunken eye
enophthalmus
36
double vision; eyes can’t move due to | entrapment of the extraocular muscles
Diplopia
37
entrapment of the _______ casus diplopia
extraocular muscles
38
components of the 33 vertebrae
``` 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal ```
39
Develop as a result of accomodation to the upright posture
curvatures of the spine
40
Two types of curvatures
Primary (kyphotic) | 2ndary ( lordotic)
41
Primary curvatures
thoracic | sacral
42
secondary curvatures
cervical | lumbar
43
lateral curvature
scoliosis
44
hunchback
kyphosis
45
swayback
lordosis
46
2 major parts of the vertebra
anterior part - vertebral body | posterior part - vertebral arch
47
7 projections of the vertebra
3 non-articular | 4 articular joints
48
3 non-articular projections include
2 transverse process | 1 spinous process
49
4 articular joints include
2 superior | 2 inferior
50
2 components of the intervertebral discs
nucleus pulposus | annulus fibrous
51
component of the intervertebral disc that has gel-like matrix and high water content)
nucleus pulposus
52
component of the intervertebral disc that surrounds nucleus and serves as shock absorber
annulus fibrous
53
Between superior and inferior facets of adjacent | vertebrae
Zygapophyseal joints
54
Allows gliding movements between the vertebrae
Zygapophyseal joints
55
6 main ligaments
1. Anterior longitudinal 2. posterior longitudinal 3. Ligamentum flavum 4. interspinous ligament 5. intertransverse ligament 6. supraspinous ligament
56
runs along the anterolateral portions of the vertebral | bodies and helps to prevent hyperextension
anterior longitudinal ligament
57
runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral body and helps to prevent hyperflexion and herniation of the intervertebral discs
posterior longitudinal ligament
58
strong fibrous structure (pain sensitive)
ligamentum flavum
59
between spinous processes
interspinous ligament
60
between transverse processes
intertransverse ligament
61
above spinous processes
supraspinous ligament
62
components of cervical vertebrae
2 atypical vertebrae: atlas(c1) axis (C2) 4 typical vertebrae (C3-C6) 1 transitional vertebra (C7)
63
vertebra prominens
transitional vertebra
64
char of this vertebrae: Transverse diameter is greater than anteroposterior diameter and height
Cervical
65
Describe the sipinous process of cervical vertebrae
short, slender and extended horizontally
66
describe the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae
it houses the foramen of the blood vessels, gutter for spinal nerves
67
describe the axis of the cervical vertebrae
has a peglike odontoid process (dens) that projects from | the superior surface of the body.
68
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
69
distinguishing part of thoracic vertebrae
presence of a demifacet that articulates with the ribs
70
the body of this vertebrae has equal transverse and anteroposterior diameters
Thoracic vertebrae
71
The anterior is greater than poserior height in the body of this vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae
72
the superior facets of the thoracic vertebrae faces
posteriorly and laterally
73
number of lumbar vertebrae
5
74
describe the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae
broad, thick and extends horizontally
75
describe the transverse process of the lumbar vertabrae
long slender and extends laterally
76
the facets of lumbar vertebrae lie in the ________
sagittal plane
77
number of sacral vertebrae
5 fused vertebrae
78
where is the fusion of the sacral vertebrae
at the spinous process that forms the median sacral crest
79
fused transverse and costal processes form the ______
sacroiliac and articular process
80
usual causes of back pain
Herniated nucleus pulposus
81
spinous process is chipped
Clay-Shoveler’s fracture
82
usually at old age; presence of spurs
Spondylosis
83
3 layers of the back muslces
superficial middle deep
84
layer of back muscles that run upward and obliquely outward
superficial
85
layer of back muscles that run parallel to vertebral column
middle
86
layer of back muscles that run upward and obliquely inward
deep
87
anterior muscles of the vertebral column
scalene longus colli lateral rectus capitis quadratus lumborum
88
Paired/ lateral bones
Frontal bone Temporal bone Parietal bone
89
Unpaired medial bones of the neurocranium
Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid
90
Paired facial cranium
``` Zygomatic Maxillae Nasal Lacrimal Palantine Inferior conchae ```
91
Unpaired facial cranium
Vomer | Mandible

Block 4 Module 2 (6 decks)

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