Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 4 Module 2 > developmental anatomy of the musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

developmental anatomy of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

the skeletal system develops from _______
and _________ mesoderm and
from _________

A

paraxial and lateral plate (parietal layer) mesoderm and neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The neurocranium is composed of

A
  1. membranous part

2. cartilaginous part (Chondrocranium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is the membranous part fromed

A

from neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm and by intramembranous ossificaiton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of the membranous part of the neurocranium

A

presence of needle like bone spicules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chondrocranium that is derived from the neural crest

A

Prechordal Chondrocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Prechordal Chondrocranium lie in front of the _________which ends __________ in the center of the _____

A

rostral limit of notochord; at the level of the pituitary gland ; sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the chordal chondrocranium is derived from _______ formed by ________

A

occipital sclerotomes; paraxial mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bones of the face

A

Viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The viscerocranium is formed from ______

A

1st & 2nd pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mesenchym for the formation of viscercranium is derived from ______

A

neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

smaller maxillary process extends forward beneath the region of the eye and gives rise to the maxilla

A

first arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The first arch gives rise to

A

maxilla
zygomatic bone
part of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

larger mandubular process containing Meckel’s cartilage

A

second arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The meckel’s cartilage gives rise to the

A

incus, malleus and stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

narrow seams of connective tissue which separates flat bones of the skull at birth

A

Sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sutures are derived from

A

neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At points where more than two bones meet

A

Fontanelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the anterior fontanelle closes by

A

18 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the posterior fontanelle closes by

A

1-2 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

segmantation from the cervical area to the sacrum

A

Somite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at the first stage of somite development what happens to the mesoderm cells?

A

It becomes epithelial and are arranged around a small lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

After the cells in the ventral and medial walls of the somite lose their epithelial characteristics, what happens next?

A

it migrates arond the neural tube and notochord and some move int the parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cells at the DML and VLL regions of the somite form

A

Muscle cell precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

somitic cells and lateral plate mesoderm cells constitute the _____

A

abaxial mesodermal domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the primaxial mesodermal contains only_______

A

somitic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

dermatome cells and the muscle cells that associate wht the prrimaxial mesoderm forms the

A

dermomyotome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

myotome cells contribute to

A

primaxial muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

dermatome cells form the ______

A

dermis of the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The skeletal muscle is derived from _________

A

paraxial mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The skeletal muscle forms somites from_____ to the ____regions and _____in the head

A

occipital; sacral; somitomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

_____ are from sclerotome cells lying adjacent to myotomes at the anterior and posterior border of somites

A

Tendons

32
Q

Tendons are regulated by the _______

A

transcription factor SCLERAXIS

33
Q

smooth muscles are derived from

A

visceral splanchnic mesoderm

34
Q

Dorsal aorta and large arteries are derived from

A

lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells

35
Q

Coronary arteries originates from _____and ________

A

proepicardial cells and neural crest cells

36
Q

Transcription factor for smooth muscle cells differentiation

A

Serum Response Factor

37
Q

MRTFs

A

Myocardin related transcription factors

38
Q

MRTFs act as

A

coactivators

39
Q

Cardiac muscles are derived from

A

visceral splanchnic mesoderm surrounding the heart tube

40
Q

How are intercalated discs formed?

A

when myoblasts adhere to one another by special attachments

41
Q

Conducting system of the heart

A

Purkinje fibers

42
Q

Striated skeletal muscles are derived from

A

paraxial mesoderm

43
Q

These are formed from 7 somitomeres which are partially segmented whorls of _______ derived from _____

A

Head musculature; mesenchymal cells; paraxial mesoderm

44
Q

Progenitor cells from muscle tissues are derived from

A

VLL(ventrolateral) and
DML (dorsomedial) edges
of prospective dermomyotome

45
Q

The primaxial domain surrounds the ______ and contains only _______

A

neural tube

somite derived cells

46
Q

the abaxial domain consists of ______ in combination with ______ that _____

A

parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm;
somite derived cells;
migrate across the frontier into this region

47
Q

the frontier that the VLL migrates into separates two mesodermal domains in the embryo; what are these domains

A

primaxial and abaxial domain

48
Q

abaxial muscle precursor cells differentiate into _______, _____, _______

A

infrahyoid,

abdominal wall: rectus abdominus, external and internal obliques; and limb muscles

49
Q

primaxial muscle precursors form the ______

A

muscles of the back, shoulder girdle and intercosal muscles

50
Q

what are intercostal muscles

A

groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall.

51
Q

back muscles are innervated by ____

A

dorsal primary rami

52
Q

muscles of limbs and body wall are innervated by ______

A

ventral primary rami

53
Q

epaxial muscles

A

back muscles

54
Q

hypaxial muscles

A

muscles of limbs and body wall

55
Q

signals from ______ and ______induce VLL cells

A

lateral plate mesoderm (BMP) and overlying ectoderm (WNT)

56
Q

signals from _______and ______- induce DML cells

A

neural tube and notochord (SHH and WNT)

57
Q

limbs form at the end of the _____ as what

A

4th week as buds along the body wall adjacent to specific spinal segments

58
Q

What does the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) do?

A

it initiates the process of differentiation and regulates limb outgrowth by secreting FGFs

59
Q

how does proximodistal process of limb development occur

A

cells farther from the influence of AER begin to differentiate into the cartilage and muscle

60
Q

the hand and foot plates are developed on the ___ week

A

7th

61
Q

the fingers and toes form when ____ occurs in _____

A

apoptosis AER

62
Q

Final separation of the digits is achieved by _____ in the _______

A

additional apoptosis in the interdigital spaces

63
Q

The upper limbs rotate 90° laterally and the result is

A

extensor muscles lie on the lateral and posterior surface, and the thumbs
lie laterally

64
Q

the lower limbs rotate in what direction

A

90° medially

65
Q

what is the result of the medial rotation of lower limbs

A

the extensor muscleson the anterior surface, and big toe lies medially

66
Q

the hyaline cartilage models are formed by ____on the ____ week of dev

A

chondrocytes 6th week of dev

67
Q

Dorsal primary ramus innervates:
epimere-_____,____
hypomere - _____,___

A

dorsal, extensor

ventral, flexor

68
Q

When the caudal half of one sclerotome grows into and fuses with the cephalic half of each subjacent sclerotome

A

Resegmentation

69
Q

Why is it that the mesenchymal cells between cephalic and caudal parts of the original segment do not proliferate

A

they fill the space between two precartilaginous vertebral bodes to contribute to the formation of the intervertebral disc and the intersegmental tissue

70
Q

Myotomes bridge the intervertebral discs and as a result

A

it can move the vertebral column

71
Q

2 primary curves of the spine

A

thoracic and sacral

72
Q

secondary curvatures

A

cervical and lumbar curvature

73
Q

what curvature develops when the child learns to hold up his head

A

cervical

74
Q

this curvature develops when the child learns to walk

A

lumbar

75
Q

formed by sclerotome cells that migrate across the lateral somitic frontier into the adjacent lateral plate mesoderm

A

Costal cartilages

76
Q

develops independently in the parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm in the ventral body wall

A

sternum

77
Q

2 sternal bands are formed in the ________ on either side of the midline, and will later fuse to form cartilaginous models of _____,_____and ____

A

parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm;

manubrium, sternebrae, and xiphoid process

Block 4 Module 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions