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Anatomy & Physiology > The Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

The Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

lipid storage cells

A

adipocytes

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2
Q

specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

A

adipose tissue

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3
Q

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

A

anchoring junction

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4
Q

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

A

apical

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5
Q

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

A

apocrine secretion

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6
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

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7
Q

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with
cells dispersed in the matrix

A

areolar tissue

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8
Q

star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some
neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

A

astrocyte

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9
Q

loss of mass and function

A

atrophy

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10
Q

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

A

basal lamina

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11
Q

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the
underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

A

basement membrane

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12
Q

heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell
contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

A

cardiac muscle

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13
Q

point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

A

cell junction

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14
Q

cells of the cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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15
Q

also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

A

clotting

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16
Q

flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength

A

collagen fiber

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17
Q

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

A

connective tissue membrane

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19
Q

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

A

cutaneous membrane

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20
Q

connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

A

dense connective tissue

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21
Q

fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows
the fibers to stretch and return to original size

A

elastic fiber

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22
Q

tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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23
Q

tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scalelike cells; protects surfaces from abrasion

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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24
Q

alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern

A

striation

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25
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue
supportive connective tissue
26
forms an impermeable barrier between cells
tight junction
27
connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication
synovial membrane
28
group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions
tissue
29
thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities
tissue membrane
30
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body
totipotent
31
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
transitional epithelium
32
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium
endothelium
33
epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue
epithelial membrane
34
type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion
epithelial tissue
35
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body
exocrine gland
36
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space
fibroblast
37
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance
fibrocartilage
38
less active form of fibroblast
fibrocyte
39
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
fluid connective tissue
40
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
gap junction
41
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
goblet cell
42
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
ground substance
43
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
histamine
44
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function
histology
45
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion
holocrine secretion
46
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance
hyaline cartilage
47
response of tissue to injury
inflammation
48
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy
lacunae
49
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
lamina propria
50
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
loose connective tissue
51
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers
matrix
52
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis
merocrine secretion
53
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
mesenchymal cell
54
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive
mesenchyme
55
middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive
mesoderm
56
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
mesothelium
57
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
mucous connective tissue
58
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant
mucous gland
59
tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment
mucous membrane
60
type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.
muscle tissue
61
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
myelin
62
muscle cells
myocyte
63
accidental death of cells and tissues
necrosis
64
type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.
nervous tissue
65
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and isfound in some ducts
stratified columnar epithelium
66
widening of blood vessels
vasodilation
67
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together
wound contraction
68
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber
smooth muscle
69
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated
skeletal muscle
70
supportive neural cells
neuroglia
71
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
neuron
72
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
oligodendrocyte
73
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
parenchyma
74
condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing
primary union
75
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
76
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
simple squamous epithelium
77
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules
simple cuboidal epithelium
78
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
simple columnar epithelium
79
type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid
serous membrane
80
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface
serous gland
81
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
secondary union
82
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann cell
83
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue
reticular fiber
84
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane
reticular lamina
85
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver
reticular tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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