Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the integumentary system?
The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendage; set of organs that forms the external covering of the body and protects it from many threats such as infection, water, or damage. includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails.
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or damages from outside.
What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?
Stratum basale. Stratum spinosum. Stratum granulosum. Stratum lucidum. Stratum corneum.
What is the ABCDE rule?
The ABCDE Rule of skin cancer is an easy-to-remember system for determining whether a mole or growth may be cancerous. They describe the physical condition and/or progression of any skin abnormality that would suggest the development of a malignancy. ABCDE rule: Asymmetry (one half of the mole doesn’t match the other), Border irregularity, Color that is not uniform, Diameter greater than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser), and Evolving size, shape or color.
What are the characteristics of the dermis?
The dermis is the layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis and above the subcutaneous layer. It is the thickest layer of the skin, and is made up of fibrous and elastic tissue. Thus it provides strength and flexibility to the skin.
What structures would you find in the dermis?
The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands and oil glands (sebaceous glands), hair follicles, and blood vessels.
What are the two layers of the dermis and their relative abundance?
The dermis is divided into two layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. The papillary dermis is the superficial layer, lying deep to the epidermis.
What are lines of cleavage?
Langer’s lines, which are sometimes referred to as the skin cleavage lines, are a series of lines drawn topographically across the human body. They correspond to the natural orientation of collagen fibres in the dermis and usually lie parallel to underlying muscle fibres
Why are lines of cleavage important surgically?
Knowing the direction of Langer’s lines within a specific area of the skin is important for surgical operations, particularly cosmetic surgery. … Incisions made parallel to Langer’s lines may heal better and produce less scarring than those that cut across.
What is hypodermis?
The hypodermis is beneath the dermis which is beneath the epidermis. It is used mainly for fat storage.
Is the hypodermis technically part of the integument system?
The hypodermis is technically not part of the integumentary system
What kind tissue is the hypodermis made of?
hypodermis consists primarily of loose connective tissue
What factors can affect skin color?
Factors such as sunlight, UV light from sunlamps, and X rays affect skin color by rapidly darkening existing melanin, and by stimulating melanocytes to produce more pigment. The dermal blood supply affects skin color. For example, when the blood is well oxygenated, the hemoglobin makes the skin appear pinkish.
What are the appendages of the skin and what layer do you find them in?
The skin appendages include sweat glands, nails, and the pilosebaceous unit of the skin, comprised of the hair shaft, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle
Which glands are associated with the hair?
A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles.
What is the function of the arrector pili?
Insulation is its primary function. In order to generate heat when the body is cold, the arrector pili muscles contract all at once, causing the hair to “stand up straight” on the skin.
What is the function of the hair bulb?
forms the base of the hair follicle. In the hair bulb, living cells divide and grow to build the hair shaft. Blood vessels nourish the cells in the hair bulb, and deliver hormones that modify hair growth and structure at different times of life.
What is the function of the papilla?
The papilla is a large structure at the base of the hair follicle made up mainly of connective tissue and capillaries, which are the tiny blood vessels that provide blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the rest of the hair bulb.
What is the function of the hair root?
the part of the hair below the surface of the skin
What is the function of the hair shaft?
The hair shaft consists of a cortex and cuticle cells, and a medulla for some types of hairs.
What are the characteristics of the sebaceous glands?
a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
What are the characteristics of the sweat glands?
Sweat glands occur all over the body, but are most numerous on the forehead, the armpits, the palms and the soles of the feet. Sweat is mainly water, but it also contains some salts. Its main function is to control body temperature. As the water in the sweat evaporates, the surface of the skin cools.
What structures are associated with the nails?
Fingernail: A fingernail is produced by living skin cells in the finger. A fingernail consists of several parts including the nail plate (the visible part of the nail), the nail bed (the skin beneath the nail plate), the cuticle (the tissue that overlaps the plate and rims the base of the nail), the nail folds (the skin folds that frame and support the nail on three sides), the lunula (the whitish half-moon at the base of the nail) and the matrix (the hidden part of the nail unit under the cuticle).
What is the nail body?
nail body is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes. The epidermis in this part of the body has evolved a specialized structure upon which nails can form. The nail body forms at the nail root, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously.
